Abstract

Wear changes the contact state and contact stiffness of the interface between the ball and the outer raceway under the operation of a deep groove ball bearing, resulting in the change of reflection coefficient of the interface. This paper describes a method based on ultrasonic reflection to assess the wear status of rolling element bearings. A deep groove ball bearing wear test was performed and the reflected pulses were collected with a linear ultrasonic probe mounted on the bearing outer ring. The results show as the wear intensity first increases and then decreases from running-in stage to steady wear period, the reflection coefficient of the interface between the outer raceway and ball shows the expected opposite trend. In addition, the ultrasonic measurement of wear state was verified by oil debris monitoring using on-line visual ferrography.

References

1.
Li
,
S. X.
,
Su
,
Y. S.
,
Shu
,
X. D.
, and
Chen
,
J. J.
,
2017
, “
Microstructural Evolution in Bearing Steel Under Rolling Contact Fatigue
,”
Wear
,
380–381
(
1
), pp.
146
153
.
2.
Jardine
,
A. K. S.
,
Lin
,
D.
, and
Banjevic
,
D.
,
2006
, “
A Review on Machinery Diagnostics and Prognostics Implementing Condition-Based Maintenance
,”
Mech. Syst. Signal Process
,
20
(
7
), pp.
1483
1510
.
3.
Peng
,
Y.
,
Cai
,
J.
,
Wu
,
T.
,
Cao
,
G.
,
Kwok
,
N.
,
Zhou
,
S.
, and
Peng
,
Z.
,
2019
, “
Online Wear Characterisation of Rolling Element Bearing Using Wear Particle Morphological Features
,”
Wear
,
430–431
(
1
), pp.
369
375
.
4.
Alves
,
D. S.
,
Machado
,
T. H.
,
da Silva Tuckmantel
,
F. W.
,
Keogh
,
P. S.
, and
Cavalca
,
K. L.
,
2022
, “
Investigation of Fault Modeling in the Identification of Bearing Wear Severity
,”
ASME J. Tribol.
,
144
(
7
), p.
071802
.
5.
Jiang
,
S.
,
Xuan
,
J.
,
Duan
,
J.
,
Lin
,
J.
,
Tao
,
H.
,
Xia
,
Q.
,
Jing
,
R.
,
Xiong
,
S.
, and
Shi
,
T.
,
2021
, “
Dual Attention Dense Convolutional Network for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Spindle-Rolling Bearings
,”
J. Vib. Control
,
27
(
21–22
), pp.
2403
2419
.
6.
El-Thalji
,
I.
, and
Jantunen
,
E.
,
2015
, “
A Summary of Fault Modelling and Predictive Health Monitoring of Rolling Element Bearings
,”
Mech. Syst. Signal Process
,
60–61
(
1
), pp.
252
272
.
7.
Wang
,
H.
, and
Chen
,
P.
,
2011
, “
Intelligent Diagnosis Method for Rolling Element Bearing Faults Using Possibility Theory and Neural Network
,”
Comput. Ind. Eng.
,
60
(
4
), pp.
511
518
.
8.
Poddar
,
S.
, and
Tandon
,
N.
,
2020
, “
Study of Oil Starvation in Journal Bearing Using Acoustic Emission and Vibration Measurement Techniques
,”
ASME J. Tribol.
,
142
(
12
), p.
121801
.
9.
Zhi-qiang
,
Z.
,
Guo-lu
,
L.
,
Hai-dou
,
W.
,
Bin-shi
,
X.
,
Zhong-yu
,
P.
, and
Li-na
,
Z.
,
2012
, “
Investigation of Rolling Contact Fatigue Damage Process of the Coating by Acoustics Emission and Vibration Signals
,”
Tribol. Int.
,
47
(
1
), pp.
25
31
.
10.
He
,
Y.
,
Zhang
,
X.
, and
Friswell
,
M. I.
,
2009
, “
Defect Diagnosis for Rolling Element Bearings Using Acoustic Emission
,”
ASME J. Vib. Acoust.
,
131
(
6
), p.
061012
.
11.
Hort
,
F.
, and
Mazal
,
P.
,
2011
, “
Application of Acoustic Emission for Measuring of Contact Fatigue of Axial Bearing
,”
Eng. Mech.
,
18
(
2
), pp.
117–
125
.
12.
Nicholas
,
G.
,
Howard
,
T.
,
Long
,
H.
,
Wheals
,
J.
, and
Dwyer-Joyce
,
R. S.
,
2020
, “
Measurement of Roller Load, Load Variation, and Lubrication in a Wind Turbine Gearbox High Speed Shaft Bearing in the Field
,”
Tribol. Int.
,
148
(
1
), p.
106322
.
13.
Du
,
L.
,
Zhu
,
X.
,
Han
,
Y.
,
Zhao
,
L.
, and
Zhe
,
J.
,
2013
, “
Improving Sensitivity of an Inductive Pulse Sensor for Detection of Metallic Wear Debris in Lubricants Using Parallel LC Resonance Method
,”
Meas. Sci. Technol.
,
24
(
7
), p.
075106
.
14.
Ren
,
Y. J.
,
Li
,
W.
,
Zhao
,
G. F.
, and
Feng
,
Z. H.
,
2018
, “
Inductive Debris Sensor Using One Energizing Coil With Multiple Sensing Coils for Sensitivity Improvement and High Throughput
,”
Tribol. Int.
,
128
(
1
), pp.
96
103
.
15.
Feng
,
S.
,
Yang
,
L.
,
Qiu
,
G.
,
Luo
,
J.
,
Li
,
R.
, and
Mao
,
J.
,
2019
, “
An Inductive Debris Sensor Based on a High-Gradient Magnetic Field
,”
IEEE Sens. J.
,
19
(
8
), pp.
2879
2886
.
16.
Hong
,
W.
,
Wang
,
S.
,
Tomovic
,
M. M.
,
Liu
,
H.
, and
Wang
,
X.
,
2015
, “
A New Debris Sensor Based on Dual Excitation Sources for Online Debris Monitoring
,”
Meas. Sci. Technol.
,
26
(
9
), p.
095101
.
17.
Drinkwater
,
B. W.
,
Dwyer-Joyce
,
R. S.
, and
Cawley
,
P.
,
1996
, “
A Study of the Interaction Between Ultrasound and a Partially Contacting Solid—Solid Interface
,”
Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A
,
452
(
1
), pp.
2613
2628
.
18.
Zhang
,
J.
,
Drinkwater
,
B. W.
, and
Dwyer-Joyce
,
R. S.
,
2006
, “
Monitoring of Lubricant Film Failure in a Ball Bearing Using Ultrasound
,”
ASME J. Tribol.
,
128
(
3
), pp.
612
618
.
19.
Nicholas
,
G.
,
Clarke
,
B. P.
, and
Dwyer-Joyce
,
R. S.
,
2021
, “
Dwyer-Joyce Detection of Lubrication State in a Field Operational Wind Turbine Gearbox Bearing Using Ultrasonic Reflectometry
,”
Lubricants
,
9
(
1
), p.
6
20.
Drinkwater
,
B. W.
,
Zhang
,
J.
,
Kirk
,
K. J.
,
Elgoyhen
,
J.
, and
Dwyer-Joyce
,
R. S.
,
2008
, “
Ultrasonic Measurement of Rolling Bearing Lubrication Using Piezoelectric Thin Films
,”
ASME J. Tribol.
,
131
(
1
), p.
011502
.
21.
Hunter
,
A.
,
Dwyer-Joyce
,
R.
, and
Harper
,
P.
,
2012
, “
Calibration and Validation of Ultrasonic Reflection Methods for Thin-Film Measurement in Tribology
,”
Meas. Sci. Technol.
,
23
(
10
), p.
105605
.
22.
Gonzalez-Valadez
,
M.
,
Dwyer-Joyce
,
R. S.
, and
Lewis
,
R.
,
2005
, “
Ultrasonic Reflection From Mixed Liquid-Solid Contacts and the Determination of Interface Stiffness
,”
Tribol. Interface Eng. Ser.
,
48
(
1
), pp.
313
320
.
23.
Feng
,
S.
,
Fan
,
B.
,
Mao
,
J.
, and
Xie
,
Y.
,
2015
, “
Prediction on Wear of a Spur Gearbox by On-Line Wear Debris Concentration Monitoring
,”
Wear
,
336–337
(
1
), p.
18
.
24.
Gonzalez-Valadez
,
M.
,
Dwyer-Joyce
,
R. S.
, and
Lewis
,
R.
,
2005
, “
Ultrasonic Reflection From Mixed Liquid-Solid Contacts and the Determination of Interface Stiffness
,”
Tribol. Interface Eng. Ser.
,
48
(
1
), pp.
313
320
.
25.
Ismail
,
R.
,
Tauviqirrahman
,
M.
, and
Schipper
,
D. J.
,
2011
, Topographical Change of Engineering Surface Due to Running-In of Rolling Contacts,
New Tribological Ways
,
G
Taher
, ed.,
IntechOpen
,
Rijeka
.
26.
Dowson
,
D.
,
1968
, “
Elastohydrodynamics
,”
Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng.
,
182
(
3
), pp.
151
167
.
27.
Kim
,
A. R.
,
Cholewinski
,
A.
,
Mitra
,
S. K.
, and
Zhao
,
B.
,
2020
, “
Viscoelastic Tribopairs in Dry and Lubricated Sliding Friction
,”
Soft Matter
,
16
(
32
), pp.
7447
7457
.
28.
Aghababaei
,
R.
,
Warner
,
D. H.
, and
Molinari
,
J.-F.
,
2016
, “
Critical Length Scale Controls Adhesive Wear Mechanisms
,”
Nat. Commun.
,
7
(
1
), p.
11816
.
29.
Dwyer-Joyce
,
R. S.
,
Harper
,
P.
, and
Drinkwater
,
B. W.
,
2004
, “
A Method for the Measurement of Hydrodynamic Oil Films Using Ultrasonic Reflection
,”
Tribol. Lett.
,
17
(
2
), pp.
337
348
.
30.
König
,
F.
,
Chaib
,
A. O.
,
Jacobs
,
G.
, and
Sous
,
C.
,
2019
, “
A Multiscale-Approach for Wear Prediction in Journal Bearing Systems—From Wearing-In Towards Steady-State Wear
,”
Wear
,
426–427
(
1
), pp.
1203
1211
.
You do not currently have access to this content.