Abstract
The paper presents an entropy generation minimization study for a solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) operating with SiO2–water nanofluid using a genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial neural network (ANN). The characteristic variables of nanoparticle volumetric concentration (0.01 ≤ φ ≤ 0.05), mass flow rate (0.1 ≤ ṁ ≤ 1.1 kg/s), and inlet temperatures (350–550 K) are used to analyze the rate of entropy generated in the PTC. GA is used in optimizing the entropy generation rate for the specified parameters, while ANN is used for predicting and observing the behavior of these parameters on the rate of entropy generation in the collector. The optimum ANN model is derived with one hidden layer of 18 neurons when training the input variables for the entropy generation predictions. The optimal mean square error used as a performance validation of the model is 0.02288 for training and 0.0282 for testing with an R2 value of 0.9999. The impact of the defined parameters on the entropy generation rate is presented in Sec. 5. It is concluded that machine learning techniques can be an efficient tool for predicting the rate of entropy generation in a collector within the constraint of the defined parameters.
References
1.
Bellos
, E.
, Tzivanidis
, C.
, and Antonopoulos
, K. A.
, 2017
, “A Detailed Working Fluid Investigation for Solar Parabolic Trough Collectors
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
, 114
, pp. 374
–386
. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.11.2012.
Okonkwo
, E. C.
, Abid
, M.
, and Ratlamwala
, T. A. H.
, 2018
, “Effects of Synthetic Oil Nanofluids and Absorber Geometries on the Exergetic Performance of the Parabolic Trough Collector
,” Int. J. Energy Res.
, 42
(11
), pp. 3559
–3574
. 10.1002/er.40993.
Güven
, H. M.
, and Bannerot
, R. B.
, 1986
, Determination of Error Tolerances for the Optical Design of Parabolic Troughs for Developing Countries
,” Sol. Energy
, 36
(6
), pp. 535
–550
. 10.1016/0038-092X(86)90018-64.
Odeh
, S. D.
, and Morrison
, G. L.
, 2006
, “Optimization of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector System
,” Int. J. Energy Res.
, 30
(4
), pp. 259
–271
. 10.1002/er.11535.
Dudley
, V. E.
, Kolb
, G. J.
, Mahoney
, R. A.
, Mancini
, T. R.
, Matthews
, C. W.
, Sloan
, M.
, and Kearney
, D.
, 1994
, “Test Results: SEGS LS-2 Solar Collector
,” Sandia Natl. Lab.
, 96
, p. 140
, Technical Report. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/707566.
Bellos
, E.
, Tzivanidis
, C.
, Antonopoulos
, K. A.
, and Gkinis
, G.
, 2016
, “Thermal Enhancement of Solar Parabolic Trough Collectors by Using Nanofluids and Converging-Diverging Absorber Tube
,” Renew. Energy
, 94
, pp. 213
–222
. 10.1016/j.renene.2016.03.0627.
Muñoz
, J.
, and Abánades
, A.
, 2011
, “Analysis of Internal Helically Finned Tubes for Parabolic Trough Design by CFD Tools
,” Appl. Energy
, 88
(11
), pp. 4139
–4149
. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.04.0268.
Jaramillo
, O. A.
, Borunda
, M.
, Velazquez-Lucho
, K. M.
, and Robles
, M.
, 2016
, “Parabolic Trough Solar Collector for low Enthalpy Processes: An Analysis of the Efficiency Enhancement by Using Twisted Tape Inserts
,” Renew. Energy
, 93
, pp. 125
–141
. 10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.0469.
Amina
, B.
, Miloud
, A.
, Samir
, L.
, Abdelylah
, B.
, and Solano
, J. P.
, 2016
, “Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Parabolic Trough Solar Receiver Using Longitudinal Fins and Nanofluids
,” J. Therm. Sci.
, 25
(5
), pp. 410
–417
. 10.1007/s11630-016-0878-310.
Okonkwo
, E. C.
, Abid
, M.
, and Ratlamwala
, T. A. H.
, 2018
, “Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Parabolic Trough Collector Based on Geometry Modifications and Working Fluid Usage
,” ASME J. Sol. Energy Eng.
, 140
(5
), p. 051009
. 10.1115/1.404007611.
Bellos
, E.
, Tzivanidis
, C.
, Antonopoulos
, K. A.
, and Daniil
, I.
, 2016
, “The Use of Gas Working Fluids in Parabolic Trough Collectors—An Energetic and Exergetic Analysis
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
, 109
, pp. 1
–14
. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.04312.
Nasrin
, R.
, Alim
, M. A.
, and Chamkha
, A. J.
, 2013
, “Effects of Physical Parameters on Natural Convection in a Solar Collector Filled With Nanofluid
,” Heat Transf.—Asian Res.
, 42
(1
), pp. 73
–88
. 10.1002/htj.2102613.
Gorla
, R. S. R.
, Chamkha
, A. J.
, and Rashad
, A. M.
, 2011
, “Mixed Convective Boundary Layer Flow Over a Vertical Wedge Embedded in a Porous Medium Saturated With a Nanofluid: Natural Convection Dominated Regime
,” Nanoscale Res. Lett.
, 6
(207
), pp. 1
–9
. 10.1186/1556-276x-6-20714.
Sudarsana Reddy
, P.
, and Chamkha
, A. J.
, 2016
, “Influence of Size, Shape, Type of Nanoparticles, Type and Temperature of the Base Fluid on Natural Convection MHD of Nanofluids
,” Alexandria Eng. J.
, 55
(1
), pp. 331
–341
. 10.1016/j.aej.2016.01.02715.
Zaraki
, A.
, Ghalambaz
, M.
, Chamkha
, A. J.
, Ghalambaz
, M.
, and De Rossi
, D.
, 2015
, “Theoretical Analysis of Natural Convection Boundary Layer Heat and Mass Transfer of Nanofluids: Effects of Size, Shape and Type of Nanoparticles, Type of Base Fluid and Working Temperature
,” Adv. Powder Technol.
, 26
(3
), pp. 935
–946
. 10.1016/j.apt.2015.03.01216.
Ghasemi
, S. E.
, and Ranjbar
, A. A.
, 2016
, “Thermal Performance Analysis of Solar Parabolic Trough Collector Using Nano Fluid as Working Fluid: A CFD Modelling Study
,” J. Mol. Liq.
, 222
, pp. 159
–166
. 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.06.09117.
Subramani
, J.
, Nagarajan
, P. K.
, Mahian
, O.
, and Sathyamurthy
, R.
, 2018
, “Efficiency and Heat Transfer Improvements in a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Using TiO2 Nanofluids Under Turbulent Flow Regime
,” Renew. Energy
, 119
, pp. 19
–31
. 10.1016/j.renene.2017.11.07918.
Mwesigye
, A.
, Huan
, Z.
, and Meyer
, J. P.
, 2016
, “Thermal Performance and Entropy Generation Analysis of a High Concentration Ratio Parabolic Trough Solar Collector with Cu-Therminol®VP-1 Nanofluid
,” Energy Convers. Manage.
, 120
, pp. 449
–465
. 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.04.10619.
Wang
, Y.
, Xu
, J.
, Liu
, Q.
, Chen
, Y.
, and Liu
, H.
, 2016
, “Performance Analysis of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Using Al2O3/Synthetic Oil Nanofluid
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
, 107
, pp. 469
–478
. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.17020.
Mwesigye
, A.
, Bello-Ochende
, T.
, and Meyer
, J. P.
, 2016
, “Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation in a Parabolic Trough Receiver With Wall-Detached Twisted Tape Inserts
,” Int. J. Therm. Sci.
, 99
, pp. 238
–257
. 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2015.08.01521.
Bejan
, A.
, 1979
, “A Study of Entropy Generation in Fundamental Convective Heat Transfer
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
, 101
(4
), pp. 718
–725
. 10.1115/1.345106322.
Awad
, M. M.
, and Muzychk
, Y. S.
, 2012
, Thermodynamic Optimization Heat Exch.—Basics Des. Appl.
, Vol. 1979
, Intech publishing
.23.
Awad
, M. M.
, 2012
, “A New Definition of Bejan Number
,” Therm. Sci.
, 16
(4
), pp. 1251
–1253
. 10.2298/TSCI12041251A24.
Awad
, M. M.
, and Lage
, J. L.
, 2013
, “Extending the Bejan Number to a General Form
,” Therm. Sci.
, 17
(2
), pp. 631
–633
. 10.2298/TSCI130211032A25.
Awad
, M. M.
, 2013
, “Hagen Number Versus Bejan Number
,” Therm. Sci.
, 17
(4
), pp. 1245
–1250
. 10.2298/TSCI1304245A26.
Awad
, M. M.
, 2015
, “A Review of Entropy Generation in Microchannels
,” Adv. Mech. Eng.
, 7
(12
), pp. 1
–32
.27.
Lorenzini
, G.
, and Mahian
, O.
, 2018
, “Entropy in Nanofluids
,” Entropy
, 20
(5
), pp. 1
–4
.28.
Charjouei Moghadam
, M.
, Edalatpour
, M.
, and Solano
, J. P.
, 2017
, “Numerical Study on Conjugated Laminar Mixed Convection of Alumina/Water Nanofluid Flow, Heat Transfer, and Entropy Generation Within a Tube-on-Sheet Flat Plate Solar Collector
,” ASME J. Sol. Energy Eng.
, 139
(4
), p. 041011
. 10.1115/1.403685429.
Mahian
, O.
, Kianifar
, A.
, Sahin
, A. Z.
, and Wongwises
, S.
, 2014
, “Performance Analysis of a Minichannel-Based Solar Collector Using Different Nanofluids
,” Energy Convers. Manage.
, 88
, pp. 129
–138
. 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.02130.
Mahian
, O.
, Kianifar
, A.
, Sahin
, A. Z.
, and Wongwises
, S.
, 2014
, “Entropy Generation During Al2O3/Water Nanofluid Flow in a Solar Collector: Effects of Tube Roughness, Nanoparticle Size, and Different Thermophysical Models
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 78
, pp. 64
–75
. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.06.05131.
Okonkwo
, E. C.
, Abid
, M.
, Ratlamwala
, T. A. H.
, Abbasoglu
, S.
, and Dagbasi
, M.
, 2018
, “Optimal Analysis of Entropy Generation and Heat Transfer in Parabolic Trough Collector Using Green-Synthesized TiO2/Water Nanofluids
,” ASME J. Sol. Energy Eng.
, 141
(3
), p. 0310111
. 10.1115/1.404184732.
Atieh
, M.
, Gharabaghi
, B.
, and Rudra
, R.
, 2015
, “Entropy-Based Neural Networks Model for Flow Duration Curves at Ungauged Sites
,” J. Hydrol.
, 529
(3
), pp. 1007
–1020
. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.06833.
Kumari
, S.
, Tiyyagura
, H. R.
, Douglas
, T. E. L.
, Mohammed
, E. A. A.
, Adriaens
, A.
, Fuchs-Godec
, R.
, Mohan
, M. K.
, and Skirtach
, A. G.
, 2018
, “ANN Prediction of Corrosion Behaviour of Uncoated and Biopolymers Coated cp-Titanium Substrates
,” Mater. Des.
, 157
, pp. 35
–51
. 10.1016/j.matdes.2018.07.00534.
Liu
, Y.
, Yu
, S.
, Zhu
, Y.
, Wang
, D.
, and Liu
, J.
, 2018
, “Modeling, Planning, Application and Management of Energy Systems for Isolated Areas: A Review
,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
, 82
(1
), pp. 460
–470
. 10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.06335.
Soufi
, M. D.
, Ghobadian
, B.
, Najafi
, G.
, Sabzimaleki
, M.
, and Jaliliantabar
, F.
, 2015
, “Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a SI Two-Stroke Engine With Biolubricants Using Artificial Neural Network
,” Energy Procedia.
, 75
, pp. 3
–9
. 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.12736.
Hasani
, G.
, Daraei
, H.
, Shahmoradi
, B.
, Gharibi
, F.
, Maleki
, A.
, Yetilmezsoy
, K.
, and McKay
, G.
, 2018
, “A Novel ANN Approach for Modeling of Alternating Pulse Current Electrocoagulation-Flotation (APC-ECF) Process: Humic Acid Removal From Aqueous Media
,” Process Saf. Environ. Prot.
, 117
, pp. 111
–124
. 10.1016/j.psep.2018.04.01737.
Raut
, R. D.
, Priyadarshinee
, P.
, Gardas
, B. B.
, and Jha
, M. K.
, 2018
, “Analyzing the Factors Influencing Cloud Computing Adoption Using Three Stage Hybrid SEM-ANN-ISM (SEANIS) Approach
,” Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change.
, 134
, pp. 98
–123
. 10.1016/j.techfore.2018.05.02038.
Sivaneasan
, B.
, Yu
, C. Y.
, and Goh
, K. P.
, 2017
, “Solar Forecasting Using ANN With Fuzzy Logic Pre-Processing
,” Energy Procedia.
, 143
, pp. 727
–732
. 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.75339.
Tian
, Z.
, Gu
, B.
, Yang
, L.
, and Lu
, Y.
, 2015
, “Hybrid ANN-PLS Approach to Scroll Compressor Thermodynamic Performance Prediction
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
, 77
, pp. 113
–120
. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.12.02340.
Chang
, C.-W.
, and Dinh
, N. T.
, 2018
, “Classification of Machine Learning Frameworks for Data-Driven Thermal Fluid Models
,” Int. J. Therm. Sci.
, 135
, pp. 559
–579
. 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.09.00241.
Nafey
, A. S.
, 2009
, “Neural Network Based Correlation for Critical Heat Flux in Steam-Water Flows in Pipes
,” Int. J. Therm. Sci.
, 48
(12
), pp. 2264
–2270
. 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2009.04.01042.
Zhao
, N.
, Li
, S.
, and Yang
, J.
, 2016
, “A Review on Nanofluids: Data-Driven Modeling of Thermalphysical Properties and the Application in Automotive Radiator
,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
, 66
, pp. 596
–616
. 10.1016/j.rser.2016.08.02943.
Longo
, G. A.
, Zilio
, C.
, Ceseracciu
, E.
, and Reggiani
, M.
, 2012
, “Application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the Prediction of Thermal Conductivity of Oxide-Water Nanofluids
,” Nano Energy
, 1
(2
), pp. 290
–296
. 10.1016/j.nanoen.2011.11.00744.
Ebrahimi-Moghadam
, A.
, Mohseni-Gharyehsafa
, B.
, and Farzaneh-Gord
, M.
, 2018
, “Using Artificial Neural Network and Quadratic Algorithm for Minimizing Entropy Generation of Al2O3-EG/W Nanofluid Flow Inside Parabolic Trough Solar Collector
,” Renew. Energy
, 129
, pp. 473
–485
. 10.1016/j.renene.2018.06.02345.
Bejan
, A.
, 1996
, “Method of Entropy Generation Minimization, or Modeling and Optimization Based on Combined Heat Transfer and Thermodynamics
,” Rev. Générale Therm.
, 35
(418–419
), pp. 637
–646
. 10.1016/S0035-3159(96)80059-646.
Mwesigye
, A.
, Huan
, Z.
, and Meyer
, J. P.
, 2015
, “Thermodynamic Optimisation of the Performance of a Parabolic Trough Receiver Using Synthetic oil–Al2O3 Nanofluid
,” Appl. Energy
, 156
, pp. 398
–412
. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.07.03547.
Padilla
, R. V.
, Demirkaya
, G.
, Goswami
, D. Y.
, Stefanakos
, E.
, and Rahman
, M. M.
, 2011
, “Heat Transfer Analysis of Parabolic Trough Solar Receiver
,” Appl. Energy
, 88
(12
), pp. 5097
–5110
. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.07.01248.
Kalogirou
, S. A.
, 2004
, “Solar Thermal Collectors and Applications
,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci.
, 30
(3
), pp. 231
–295
. 10.1016/j.pecs.2004.02.00149.
Duffie
, J. A.
, and Beckman
, W. A.
, 2013
, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes Solar Engineering
, vol. 4, John Wiley & Sons, Inc
, New York
.50.
Petela
, R.
, 1964
, “Exergy of Heat Radiation
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
, 86
(2
), pp. 187
–192
. 10.1115/1.368709251.
Okonkwo
, E. C.
, Essien
, E. A.
, Akhayere
, E.
, Abid
, M.
, Kavaz
, D.
, and Ratlamwala
, T. A. H.
, 2018
, “Thermal Performance Analysis of a Parabolic Trough Collector Using Water-Based Green-Synthesized Nanofluids
,” Sol. Energy
, 170
, pp. 658
–670
. 10.1016/j.solener.2018.06.01252.
Awad
, M. M.
, 2016
, “The Science and the History of the Two Bejan Numbers
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 96
, pp. 101
–103
. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.11.07353.
Bellos
, E.
, and Tzivanidis
, C.
, 2017
, “Parametric Investigation of Nanofluids in Parabolic Trough Collectors
,” Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog. 2
, 127
, pp. 736
–747
. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.08.03254.
Edalatpour
, M.
, and Solano
, J. P.
, 2017
, “Thermal-Hydraulic Characteristics and Exergy Performance in Tube-on-Sheet Flat Plate Solar Collectors: Effects of Nanofluids and Mixed Convection
,” Int. J. Therm. Sci.
, 118
, pp. 397
–409
. 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2017.05.00455.
Khanafer
, K.
, and Vafai
, K.
, 2011
, “A Critical Synthesis of Thermophysical Characteristics of Nanofluids
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 54
(19–20
), pp. 4410
–4428
. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.04.04856.
Batchelor
, G. K.
, 1977
, “The Effect of Brownian Motion on the Bulk Stress in a Suspension of Spherical Particles
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 83
(1
), p. 97
. 10.1017/S002211207700106257.
Mwesigye
, A.
, and Meyer
, J. P.
, 2017
, “Optimal Thermal and Thermodynamic Performance of a Solar Parabolic Trough Receiver With Different Nanofluids and at Different Concentration Ratios
,” Appl. Energy
, 193
, pp. 393
–413
. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.02.06458.
Pak
, B. C.
, and Cho
, Y. I.
, 1998
, “Hydrodynamic and Heat Transfer Study of Dispersed Fluids With Submicron Metallic Oxide Particles
,” Exp. Heat Transf.
, 11
(2
), pp. 151
–170
. 10.1080/0891615980894655959.
Yang
, F.
, Cho
, H.
, Zhang
, H.
, Zhang
, J.
, and Wu
, Y.
, 2018
, “Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Based Prediction and Optimization of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for Diesel Engine Waste Heat Recovery
,” Energy Convers. Manage.
, 164
, pp. 15
–26
. 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.02.06260.
Petela
, R.
, 2010
, Engineering Thermodynamics of Thermal Radiation for Solar Power Utilization
, McGraw-Hill
, New York
.Copyright © 2019 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
