Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Many cardiovascular diseases are better diagnosed during a cardiac stress test. Current approaches include either exercise or pharmacological stress echocardiography and pharmacological stress magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is the most accurate noninvasive method of assessing cardiac function. Currently there are very few exercise devices that allow collection of cardiovascular MRI data during exercise. We developed a low-cost exercise device that utilizes adjustable weight resistance and is compatible with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. It is equipped with electronics that measure power output. Our device allows subjects to exercise with a leg-stepping motion while their torso is in the MR imager. The device is easy to mount on the MRI table and can be adjusted for different body sizes. Pilot tests were conducted with 5 healthy subjects (3 male and 2 female, 29.2 ± 3.9 yr old) showing significant exercise-induced changes in heart rate (+42%), cardiac output (+40%) and mean pulmonary artery (PA) flow (+%49) post exercise. These data demonstrate that our MR compatible stepper exercise device successfully generated a hemodynamically stressed state while allowing for high quality imaging. The adjustable weight resistance allows exercise stress testing of subjects with variable exercise capacities. This low-cost device has the potential to be used in a variety of pathologies that require a cardiac stress test for diagnosis and assessment of disease progression.
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December 2014
Design Innovation Paper
Low Cost Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Compatible Stepper Exercise Device for Use in Cardiac Stress Tests
Omid Forouzan,
Omid Forouzan
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
e-mail: forouzan@wisc.edu
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
e-mail: forouzan@wisc.edu
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Evan Flink,
Evan Flink
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
e-mail: ewflink@gmail.com
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
e-mail: ewflink@gmail.com
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Jared Warczytowa,
Jared Warczytowa
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
e-mail: jaredwarczytowa@gmail.com
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
e-mail: jaredwarczytowa@gmail.com
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Nick Thate,
Nick Thate
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
e-mail: nthate@gmail.com
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
e-mail: nthate@gmail.com
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Andrew Hanske,
Andrew Hanske
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
e-mail: ahanske@epic.com
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
e-mail: ahanske@epic.com
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Tongkeun Lee,
Tongkeun Lee
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
e-mail: leto@seas.upenn.edu
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
e-mail: leto@seas.upenn.edu
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Alejandro Roldan-Alzate,
Alejandro Roldan-Alzate
Department of Medical Physics,
1111 Highland Avenue,
Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research
,1111 Highland Avenue,
Madison, WI 53705-2275
;Department of Radiology,
University of Wisconsin,
School of Medicine and Public Health,
E3/366 Clinical Science Center,
600 Highland Avenue,
e-mail: aroldan@uwhealth.org
University of Wisconsin,
School of Medicine and Public Health,
E3/366 Clinical Science Center,
600 Highland Avenue,
Madison, WI 53792-3252
e-mail: aroldan@uwhealth.org
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Chris François,
Chris François
Department of Radiology,
School of Medicine and Public Health,
E3/366 Clinical Science Center,
600 Highland Avenue,
e-mail: cfrancois@uwhealth.org
University of Wisconsin
,School of Medicine and Public Health,
E3/366 Clinical Science Center,
600 Highland Avenue,
Madison, WI 53792-3252
e-mail: cfrancois@uwhealth.org
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Oliver Wieben,
Oliver Wieben
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
;Department of Medical Physics,
Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research,
1111 Highland Avenue,
Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research,
1111 Highland Avenue,
Madison, WI 53705-2275
;Department of Radiology,
University of Wisconsin,
E3/366 Clinical Science Center,
600 Highland Avenue,
e-mail: owieben@wisc.edu
University of Wisconsin,
School of Medicine and Public Health
,E3/366 Clinical Science Center,
600 Highland Avenue,
Madison, WI 53792-3252
e-mail: owieben@wisc.edu
Search for other works by this author on:
Naomi C. Chesler
Naomi C. Chesler
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
e-mail: chesler@engr.wisc.edu
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
e-mail: chesler@engr.wisc.edu
Search for other works by this author on:
Omid Forouzan
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
e-mail: forouzan@wisc.edu
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
e-mail: forouzan@wisc.edu
Evan Flink
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
e-mail: ewflink@gmail.com
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
e-mail: ewflink@gmail.com
Jared Warczytowa
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
e-mail: jaredwarczytowa@gmail.com
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
e-mail: jaredwarczytowa@gmail.com
Nick Thate
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
e-mail: nthate@gmail.com
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
e-mail: nthate@gmail.com
Andrew Hanske
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
e-mail: ahanske@epic.com
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
e-mail: ahanske@epic.com
Tongkeun Lee
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
e-mail: leto@seas.upenn.edu
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
e-mail: leto@seas.upenn.edu
Alejandro Roldan-Alzate
Department of Medical Physics,
1111 Highland Avenue,
Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research
,1111 Highland Avenue,
Madison, WI 53705-2275
;Department of Radiology,
University of Wisconsin,
School of Medicine and Public Health,
E3/366 Clinical Science Center,
600 Highland Avenue,
e-mail: aroldan@uwhealth.org
University of Wisconsin,
School of Medicine and Public Health,
E3/366 Clinical Science Center,
600 Highland Avenue,
Madison, WI 53792-3252
e-mail: aroldan@uwhealth.org
Chris François
Department of Radiology,
School of Medicine and Public Health,
E3/366 Clinical Science Center,
600 Highland Avenue,
e-mail: cfrancois@uwhealth.org
University of Wisconsin
,School of Medicine and Public Health,
E3/366 Clinical Science Center,
600 Highland Avenue,
Madison, WI 53792-3252
e-mail: cfrancois@uwhealth.org
Oliver Wieben
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
;Department of Medical Physics,
Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research,
1111 Highland Avenue,
Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research,
1111 Highland Avenue,
Madison, WI 53705-2275
;Department of Radiology,
University of Wisconsin,
E3/366 Clinical Science Center,
600 Highland Avenue,
e-mail: owieben@wisc.edu
University of Wisconsin,
School of Medicine and Public Health
,E3/366 Clinical Science Center,
600 Highland Avenue,
Madison, WI 53792-3252
e-mail: owieben@wisc.edu
Naomi C. Chesler
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
e-mail: chesler@engr.wisc.edu
University of Wisconsin-Madison
,Engineering Centers Building,
1550 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706
e-mail: chesler@engr.wisc.edu
Manuscript received October 11, 2013; final manuscript received March 26, 2014; published online August 19, 2014. Assoc. Editor: Carl Nelson.
J. Med. Devices. Dec 2014, 8(4): 045002 (8 pages)
Published Online: August 19, 2014
Article history
Received:
October 11, 2013
Revision Received:
March 26, 2014
Citation
Forouzan, O., Flink, E., Warczytowa, J., Thate, N., Hanske, A., Lee, T., Roldan-Alzate, A., François, C., Wieben, O., and Chesler, N. C. (August 19, 2014). "Low Cost Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Compatible Stepper Exercise Device for Use in Cardiac Stress Tests." ASME. J. Med. Devices. December 2014; 8(4): 045002. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4027343
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