... the removal of the separating service load, the bolted joint system reaches a new equilibrium point between the fastener tension and the joint clamping force. At the new equilibrium point, the fastener tension is reduced from its value at initial assembly, due to the plastic elongation of the fastener...

... tightening with practical tests, it can be stated that there is a small deviation between theory and measurements, except for the permanent elongation and elastic angle. However, the permanent elongation correlates quite well with practice when reusing the fasteners once. This suggests a large plastic...

... which result in collapse of the optical tube are investigated by applying established plasticity theory and then extending this theory to develop new equations for the case of a work-hardening material. The theoretical criteria for the onset of tube collapse are identified. Theoretical, experimental...