Abstract
Hybrid powertrains with planetary gearset (PG) have been widely used. However, there are few types of powertrains in use, and more powertrains have not been found. Based on the principle of organic chemistry, a design and screening method of multi-mode 2-PGs hybrid powertrain is proposed, which is divided into five stages. First, powertrains are expressed in the form of molecules. Second, powertrains split into the libraries of PGs and power sources. The power sources can be mutually identified to construct new library. Third, the mode switching rules are defined to screen power source group. Fourth, two libraries interact with each other to promote the generation of new molecules, namely, new powertrains. And the more modes, the greater the potential for performance. Powertrains are screened with mode richness theory firstly. Finally, taking the comprehensive evaluation of power performance and fuel economy as the optimal standard, powertrains are screened and evaluated twice. Through the method, hybrid powertrains with smooth mode switching, simpler structure, and optimal power and economy can be obtained.
References
1.
Benford
, H. L.
, and Leising
, M. B.
, 1981
, “The Lever Analogy: A New Tool in Transmission Analysis,” SAE Technical Papers, SAE International.2.
Deur
, J.
, Milutinović
, M.
, Ivanović
, V.
, and Eric Tseng
, H.
, 2016
, “Modeling of a Dry Dual Clutch Utilizing a Lever-Based Electromechanical Actuator
,” ASME J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control
, 138
(9
), p. 091012
. 3.
Gonzalez
, J.
, and Sueur
, C.
, 2018
, “Unknown Input Observer with Stability: A Structural Analysis Approach in Bond Graph
,” Eur. J. Control
, 41
, pp. 25
–43
. 4.
Deng
, T.
, Xu
, H.
, Wu
, C.
, Zhang
, L.
, and Gan
, Z.
, 2020
, “Topological Symmetry Identification of Kinematic Chains Based on Topological Index
,” Mech. Mach. Theory
, 154
, p. 104099
. 5.
Pennestrì
, E.
, and Belfiore
, N. P.
, 2015
, “On Crossley’s Contribution to the Development of Graph Based Algorithms for the Analysis of Mechanisms and Gear Trains
,” Mech. Mach. Theory
, 89
, pp. 92
–106
. 6.
Sun
, W.
, Li
, R.
, Kong
, J.
, and Li
, A.
, 2021
, “A New Method for Isomorphism Identification of Planetary Gear Trains
,” Mech. Sci.
, 12
(1
), pp. 193
–202
. 7.
Kim
, H.
, and Kum
, D.
, 2016
, “Comprehensive Design Methodology of Input- and Output-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicles: In Search of Optimal Configuration
,” IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatron.
, 21
(6
), pp. 2912
–2923
. 8.
Wang
, W.
, Song
, R.
, Guo
, M.
, and Liu
, S.
, 2014
, “Analysis on Compound-Split Configuration of Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle
,” Mech. Mach. Theory
, 78
, pp. 272
–288
. 9.
Pei
, H.
, Hu
, X.
, Yang
, Y.
, Tang
, X.
, Hou
, C.
, and Cao
, D.
, 2018
, “Configuration Optimization for Improving Fuel Efficiency of Power Split Hybrid Powertrains With a Single Planetary Gear
,” Appl. Energy
, 214
, pp. 103
–116
. 10.
Liu
, J.
, and Peng
, H.
, 2008
, “Automated Modelling of Power-Split Hybrid Vehicles
,” IFAC Proc
, 41
(2
), pp. 4648
–4653
. 11.
Liu
, J.
, and Peng
, H.
, 2008
, “Modeling and Control of a Power-Split Hybrid Vehicle
,” IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol.
, 16
(6
), pp. 1242
–1251
. 12.
Liu
, J.
, and Peng
, H.
, 2010
, “A Systematic Design Approach for Two Planetary Gear Split Hybrid Vehicles
,” Veh. Syst. Dyn.
, 48
(11
), pp. 1395
–1412
. 13.
Zhang
, X.
, Peng
, H.
, Sun
, J.
, and Li
, S.
, 2014
, “Automated Modeling and Mode Screening for Exhaustive Search of Double-Planetary-Gear Power Split Hybrid Powertrains
,” ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, DSCC 2014
, San Antonio, TX
, Oct. 22–24
, ASME Paper No. DSCC2014-6028, American Society of Mechanical Engineers
, pp. 1
–8
.14.
Zhang
, X.
, Eben Li
, S.
, Peng
, H.
, and Sun
, J.
, 2015
, “Efficient Exhaustive Search of Power-Split Hybrid Powertrains With Multiple Planetary Gears and Clutches
,” AMSE J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control
, 137
(12
), p. 121006
. 15.
Zhang
, X.
, Li
, C. T.
, Kum
, D.
, and Peng
, H.
, 2012
, “Prius + and Volt -: Configuration Analysis of Power-Split Hybrid Vehicles With a Single Planetary Gear
,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
, 61
(8
), pp. 3544
–3552
. 16.
Zhang
, X.
, Li
, S. E.
, Peng
, H.
, and Sun
, J.
, 2016
, “Design of Multimode Power-Split Hybrid Vehicles—A Case Study on the Voltec Powertrain System
,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
, 65
(6
), pp. 4790
–4801
. 17.
Zhuang
, W.
, Zhang
, X.
, Peng
, H.
, and Wang
, L.
, 2016
, “Simultaneous Optimization of Topology and Component Sizes for Double Planetary Gear Hybrid Powertrains
,” Energies
, 9
(6
), p. 411
. 18.
Zhuang
, W.
, Zhang
, X.
, Peng
, H.
, and Wang
, L.
, 2016
, “Rapid Configuration Design of Multiple-Planetary-Gear Power-Split Hybrid Powertrain via Mode Combination
,” IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatron.
, 21
(6
), pp. 2924
–2934
. 19.
Zhuang
, W.
, Zhang
, X.
, Ding
, Y.
, Wang
, L.
, and Hu
, X.
, 2016
, “Comparison of Multi-Mode Hybrid Powertrains with Multiple Planetary Gears
,” Appl. Energy
, 178
, pp. 624
–632
. 20.
Zhuang
, W.
, Zhang
, X.
, Zhao
, D.
, Peng
, H.
, and Wang
, L.
, 2016
, “Optimal Design of Three-Planetary-Gear Power-Split Hybrid Powertrains
,” Int. J. Automotive. Technolo.
, 17
(2
), pp. 299
–309
. 21.
Yang
, Y.
, Pei
, H.
, Hu
, X.
, Liu
, Y.
, Hou
, C.
, and Cao
, D.
, 2019
, “Fuel Economy Optimization of Power Split Hybrid Vehicles: A Rapid Dynamic Programming Approach
,” Energy
, 166
, pp. 929
–938
. 22.
Bayrak
, A. E.
, Ren
, Y.
, and Papalambros
, P. Y.
, 2013
, “Design of Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Architectures Using Auto-Generation of Feasible Driving Modes
,” Proceedings of the IDETC/CIE
, Portland, OR
, Aug. 4–7
, ASME Paper No. DETC2013-13043, American Society of Mechanical Engineers
, pp. 1
–9
.23.
Bayrak
, A. E.
, Ren
, Y.
, and Papalambros
, P. Y.
, 2016
, “Topology Generation for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Architecture Design
,” AMSE J. Mech. Des.
, 138
(8
), p. 081401
. 24.
Gu
, J.
, Zhao
, Z.
, Chen
, Y.
, He
, L.
, and Zhan
, X.
, 2020
, “Integrated Optimal Design of Configuration and Parameter of Multimode Hybrid Powertrain System With Two Planetary Gears
,” Mech. Mach. Theory
, 143
, p. 103630
. 25.
Du
, M.
, and Yang
, L.
, 2020
, “A Basis for the Computer-Aided Design of the Topological Structure of Planetary Gear Trains
,” Mech. Mach. Theory
, 145
, p. 103690
. 26.
Barhoumi
, T.
, Kim
, H.
, and Kum
, D.
, 2018
, “Automatic Generation of Design Space Conversion Maps and Its Application for the Design of Compound Split Hybrid Powertrains
,” ASME J. Mech. Des
, 140
(6
), p. 063401
. 27.
Barhoumi
, T.
, Kim
, H.
, and Kum
, D.
, 2017
, “Compound Lever Based Optimal Configuration Selection of Compound-Split Hybrid Vehicles,” SAE Technical Papers, SAE International.28.
Barhoumi
, T.
, and Kum
, D.
, 2017
, “Automatic Enumeration of Feasible Kinematic Diagrams for Split Hybrid Configurations With a Single Planetary Gear
,” ASME J. Mech. Des
, 139
(8
), p. 083301
. 29.
Ho
, T.-T.
, and Hwang
, S.-J.
, 2020
, “Configuration Synthesis of Novel Hybrid Transmission Systems Using a Combination of a Ravigneaux Gear Train and a Simple Planetary Gear Train
,” Energies
, 13
(9
), p. 2333
. 30.
Gao
, M.-F.
, and Hu
, J.-B.
, 2018
, “Kinematic Analysis of Planetary Gear Trains Based on Topology
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
, 140
(1
), p. 012302
. 31.
Shanmukhasundaram
, V. R.
, Rao
, Y. V. D.
, and Regalla
, S. P.
, 2019
, “Enumeration of Displacement Graphs of Epicyclic Gear Train From a Given Rotation Graph Using Concept of Building of Kinematic Units
,” Mech. Mach. Theory
, 134
, pp. 393
–424
. 32.
Burress
, T. A.
, Campbell
, S. L.
, Coomer
, C.
, Ayers
, C. W.
, Wereszczak
, A. A.
, Cunningham
, J. P.
, Marlino
, L. D.
, Seiber
, L. E.
, and Lin
, H.-T.
, 2011
, Evaluation of the 2010 Toyota Prius Hybrid Synergy Drive System
, Oak Ridge
, TN
.33.
Clayden
, J.
, Greeves
, N.
, Warren
, S.
, and Wothers
, P.
, 2001
, Organic Chemistry
, Oxford University Press
, New York
.34.
Berger
, O.
, Gavara
, L.
, and Montchamp
, J.-L.
, 2012
, “ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of the Versatile (Hydroxymethyl)Phosphinyl P(O)CH2 OH Functional Group
,” ChemInform
, 14
(13
), pp. 3404
–3407
. 35.
Ghannam
, I. A. Y.
, Abd El-Meguid
, E. A.
, Ali
, I. H.
, Sheir
, D. H.
, and El Kerdawy
, A. M.
, 2019
, “Novel 2-Arylbenzothiazole DNA Gyrase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, QSAR and Molecular Docking Studies
,” Bioorg. Chem.
, 93
, p. 103373
. 36.
Gensch
, T.
, Teders
, M.
, and Glorius
, F.
, 2017
, “Approach to Comparing the Functional Group Tolerance of Reactions
,” J. Org. Chem.
, 82
(17
), pp. 9154
–9159
. 37.
Savin
, Y. S.
, and Bartenev
, G. M.
, 1986
, “Fracture of Polymers Containing Weak Chemical Bonds
,” Polym. Sci. U.S.S.R.
, 28
(11
), pp. 2653
–2660
. 38.
Ehsani
, M.
, Gao
, Y.
, and Miller
, J. M.
, 2007
, “Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Architecture and Motor Drives
,” Proc. IEEE
, 95
(4
), pp. 719
–728
. 39.
Li
, C. T.
, Zhang
, X.
, and Peng
, H.
, 2012
, “Design of Power-Split Hybrid Vehicles with a Single Planetary Gear
,” DSCC-MOVIC
, Fort Lauder, FL
, Oct. 17–19
, American Society of Mechanical Engineers
, ASME-JSME Paper No. DSCC2012-MOVIC2012-8818, pp. 1
–9
.40.
Dagci
, O. H.
, Peng
, H.
, and Grizzle
, J. W.
, 2015
, “Power-Split Hybrid Electric Powertrain Design With Two Planetary Gearsets for Light-Duty Truck Applications
,” IFAC-PapersOnLine
, 48
(15
), pp. 8
–15
. 41.
Peng
, Z.-X.
, Hu
, J.-B.
, Xie
, T.-L.
, and Liu
, C.-W.
, 2015
, “Design of Multiple Operating Degrees-of-Freedom Planetary Gear Trains With Variable Structure
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
, 137
(9
), p. 093301
. 42.
Pugh
, J. T.
, 1987
, “An Application of the Linkage Characteristic Polynomial to the Topological Synthesis of Epicyclic Gear Trains
,” ASME J. Mech. Trans. Autom. Des.
, 109
(3
), pp. 329
–336
. 43.
Deng
, T.
, Tang
, P.
, Su
, Z.
, and Luo
, Y.
, 2020
, “Systematic Design and Optimization Method of Multimode Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Equivalent Tree Graph
,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron.
, 35
(12
), pp. 13465
–13474
. 44.
Dagci
, O. H.
, Peng
, H.
, and Grizzle
, J. W.
, 2018
, “Hybrid Electric Powertrain Design Methodology With Planetary Gear Sets for Performance and Fuel Economy
,” IEEE Access
, 6
, pp. 9585
–9602
. 45.
Pennestrè
, E.
, and Freudenstein
, F.
, 1993
, “A Systematic Approach to Power-Flow and Static-Force Analysis in Epicyclic Spur-Gear Trains
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
, 115
(3
), pp. 639
–644
. 46.
Deng
, T.
, and Luo
, Y.
, 2020
, “Construction of Hybrid Electric Vehicle A-ECMS Based on Cloud Model Recognition of Driving Intention
,” J. Automot. Saf. Energy
, 11
(3
), pp. 305
–313
(in Chinese).Copyright © 2022 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
