A magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is comprised of ferromagnetic particles aligned in a polymer medium by exposure to a magnetic field. The structures of the magnetic particles within elastomers are very sensitive to the external stimulus of either mechanical force or magnetic field, which result in multiresponse behaviors in a MRE. In this study, the sensing properties of MREs are investigated through experimentally characterizing the electrical properties of MRE materials and their interfaces with external stimulus (magnetic field or stress/strain). A phenomenological model is proposed to understand the impedance response of MREs under mechanical loads and magnetic fields. Results show that MRE samples exhibit significant changes in measured values of impedance and resistance in response to compressive deformation, as well as the applied magnetic field.
1.
Wang
, X.
, and Gordaninejad
, F.
, 2007, “Magnetorheological Materials and Their Applications: A Review
,” Intelligent Materials
, M.
Shahinpoor
and H. -J.
Schneider
, eds., Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing
, Cambridge, UK
, Chap. 14, pp. 339
–385
.2.
Ginder
, J. M.
, Clark
, S. M.
, Schlotter
, W. F.
, and Nichols
, M. E.
, 2002, “Magnetostrictive Phenomena in Magnetorheological Elastomers
,” Int. J. Mod. Phys. B
0217-9792, 16
(17–18
), pp. 2412
–2418
.3.
Martin
, J. E.
, Anderson
, R. A.
, and Read
, D.
, 2006, “Magnetostriction of Field-Structured Magnetoelastomers
,” Phys. Rev. E
1063-651X, 74
(5
), p. 051507
.4.
Ginder
, J. M.
, Nicholes
, M. E.
, Elie
, L. D.
, and Tardiff
, J. L.
, 1999, “Magnetorheological Elastomers: Properties and Applications
,” Proc. SPIE
0277-786X, 3675
, pp. 131
–138
.5.
Martin
, J. E.
, Anderson
, R. A.
, Odinek
, J.
, Adolf
, D.
, Williamson
, J.
, 2003, “Controlling Percolation in Field-Structured Particle Composites: Observations of Giant Thermoresistance, Piezoresistance, and Chemiresistance
,” Phys. Rev. B
0163-1829, 67
(9
), p. 094207
.6.
Jolly
, M. R.
, Carlson
, J. D.
, Munoz
, B. C.
, and Bullions
, T. A.
, 1996, “The Magnetoviscoelastic Response of Elastomer Composites Consisting of Ferrous Particles Embedded in a Polymer Matrix
,” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct.
1045-389X, 7
, pp. 613
–622
.7.
Wang
, X.
, Gordaninejad
, F.
, Caglar
, M.
, Liu
, Y.
, Sutrisno
, J.
, and Fuchs
, A.
, 2008, “Sensing Behavior of Magneto-Rheological Elastomers
,” Proceedings of the Fifth ANCRiSST Workshop on Advanced Smart Materials and Smart Structures Technology
, Tokyo, Japan.8.
Deng
, H. X.
, Gong
, X. L.
, and Wang
, H. L.
, 2006, “Development of an Adaptive Tuned Vibration Absorber With Magnetorheological Elastomer
,” Smart Mater. Struct.
0964-1726, 15
(5
), pp. N111
–N116
.9.
Ginder
, J. M.
, Nicholes
, M. E.
, and Clark
, S. M.
, 2000, “Controllable-Stiffness Components Based on Magnetorheological Elastomers
,” Proc. SPIE
0277-786X, 3985
, pp. 418
–425
.10.
Gong
, X. L.
, Chen
, L.
, and Li
, J. F.
, 2007, “Study of Utilizable Magnetorheological Elastomers
,” Int. J. Mod. Phys. B
0217-9792, 21
(28&29
), pp. 4875
–4882
.11.
Elie
, L. D.
, Ginder
, J. M.
, Mark
, J. S.
, and Nichols
, M. E.
, 1998, “Method and Apparatus for Measuring Displacement and Force
,” U.S. Patent No. 5,814,999.12.
Jin
, S.
, Tiefel
, T.
, Wolfe
, R.
, Sherwood
, R. C.
, and Mottine
, J. J.
, 1992, “Optically Transparent, Electrically Conductive Composite Medium
,” Science
0036-8075, 255
, pp. 446
–448
.13.
Martin
, J. E.
, 2005, “Using Triaxial Magnetic Fields to Create Optimal Particle Composites
,” Composites, Part A
1359-835X, 36
(4
), pp. 545
–548
.14.
McLachlan
, D. S.
, 2000, “Analytical Functions for the dc and ac Conductivity of Conductor-Insulator Composites
,” J. Electroceram.
1385-3449, 5
(2
), pp. 93
–110
.15.
Ozyurt
, N.
, Mason
, T. O.
, and Shah
, S. P.
, 2007, “Correlation of Fiber Dispersion, Rheology and Mechanical Performance of FRCs
,” Cem. Concr. Compos.
0958-9465, 29
(2
), pp. 70
–79
.16.
Chen
, P. W.
, and Chung
, D. D. L.
, 1996, “Concrete as a New Strain Stress Sensor
,” Composites, Part B
1359-8368, 27
(1
), pp. 11
–23
.17.
Woo
, L. Y.
, Wansom
, S.
, Hixson
, A. D.
, Campo
, M. A.
, and Mason
, T. O.
, 2003, “A Universal Equivalent Circuit Model for the Impedance Response of Composites
,” J. Mater. Sci.
0022-2461, 38
(10
), pp. 2265
–2270
.18.
Panina
, L. V.
, Mohri
, K.
, and Bushida
, K.
, 1994, “Giant Magneto-Impedance and Magneto-Inductive Effects in Amorphous-Alloys
,” J. Appl. Phys.
0021-8979, 76
(10
), pp. 6198
–6203
.19.
Baibich
, M. N.
, Broto
, J. M.
, Fert
, A.
, Vandau
, F. N.
, Petroff
, F.
, Eitenne
, P.
, Creuzet
, G.
, Friederich
, A.
, and Chazelas
, J.
, 1988, “Giant Magnetoresistance of (001)Fe/(001) Cr Magnetic Superlattices
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
0031-9007, 61
(21
), pp. 2472
–2475
.20.
Ramirez
, A. P.
, 1997, “Colossal Magnetoresistance
,” J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
0953-8984, 9
, pp. 8171
–8199
.21.
Varfolomeev
, A. E.
, Godovskii
, D. Y.
, and Kapustin
, G. A.
, 1998, “Giant Negative Magnetoresistance in a Composite System Based on Fe3O4 Nanocrystals in a Polymer Matrix
,” JETP Lett.
0021-3640, 67
(1
), pp. 39
–42
.22.
Guo
, Z. H.
, Park
, S.
, and Hahn
, H. T.
, 2007, “Giant Magnetoresistance Behavior of an Iron/Carbonized Polyurethane Nanocomposite
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
0003-6951, 90
(5
), p. 053111
.Copyright © 2009
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
