A parametric study is carried out to shed light on the elastoplastic behavior of a nanowire under lithiation. The Li-ion diffusivity is assumed to be significantly higher at near-saturation than at dilute concentration. It leads to the prediction of an Li-ion diffusion jam and consequently a topologically steep step moving along the wire. The analysis shows that the different plastic flow rates due to the different constraint conditions along the longitudinal and radial directions result in apparent anisotropic volume expansion. Either lower yield strength, smaller strain hardening ratio, or higher charging rate would cause greater swelling anisotropy. The numerical results are compared with the experimental observation of an SnO2 nanowire (Huang et al., 2011, “In Situ Observation of the Electrochemical Lithiation of a Single SnO2 Nanowire Electrode,” Science, 330, pp. 1515–1520) to suggest its elastoplastic properties under lithiation.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
References
1.
Tao
, Z.
, Wang
, H.
, and Chen
, J.
, 2011, “Si-Based Materials as the Anode of Lithium-Ion Batteries
,” Prog. Chem.
, 23
(2–3
), pp. 318
–327
.2.
Zhang
, W.-J.
, 2011, “A Review of the Electrochemical Performance of Alloy Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
,” J. Power Sources
, 196
(1
), pp. 13
–24
.3.
Derrien
, G.
, Hassoun
, J.
, Panero
, S.
, and Scrosati
, B.
, 2007, “Nanostructured Sn--C Composite as an Advanced Anode Material in High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
,” Adv. Mater.
, 19
(17
), pp. 2336
–2340
.4.
Li
, N.
, and Martin
, C. R.
, 2001, “A High-Rate, High-Capacity, Nanostructured Sn-Based Anode Prepared Using Sol-Gel Template Synthesis
,” J. Electrochem. Soc.
, 148
(2
), pp. A164
–A170
.5.
Idota
, Y.
, Kubota
, T.
, Maekawa
, Y.
, Matsufuji
, A.
, and Miyasaka
, T.
, 1997, “Tin-Based Amorphous Oxide: A High-Capacity Lithium-Ion-Storage Material
,” Science
, 276
(5317
), pp. 1395
–1397
.6.
Green
, M.
, Fielder
, E.
, Scrosati
, B.
, Wachtler
, M.
, and Moreno
, J. S.
, 2003, “Structured Silicon Anodes for Lithium Battery Applications
,” Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.
, 6
(5
), pp. A75
–A79
.7.
Chan
, C. K.
, Peng
, H.
, Liu
, G.
, McIlwrath
, K.
, Zhang
, X. F.
, Huggins
, R. A.
, and Cui
, Y.
, 2007, “High-Performance Lithium Battery Anodes Using Silicon Nanowires
,” Nat. Nanotechnol.
, 3
(1
), pp. 31
–35
.8.
Park
, M. H.
, Kim
, M. G.
, Joo
, J.
, Kim
, K.
, Kim
, J.
, Ahn
, S.
, Cui
, Y.
, and Cho
, J.
, 2009, “Silicon Nanotube Battery Anodes
,” Nano Lett.
, 9
(11
), pp. 3844
–3847
.9.
He
, Y.
, Fan
, J. G.
, and Zhao
, Y. P.
, 2010, “Engineering a Well-Aligned Composition-Graded CuSi Nanorod Array by an Oblique Angle Codeposition Technique
,” Crystal Growth Des.
, 10
(11
), pp. 4954
–4958
.10.
Zhu
, T.
, and Li
, J.
, 2010, “Ultra-Strength Materials
,” Prog. Mater. Sci.
, 55
(7
), pp. 710
–757
.11.
Östlund
, F.
, Rzepiejewska-Malyska
, K.
, Leifer
, K.
, Hale
, L. M.
, Tang
, Y.
, Ballarini
, R.
, Gerberich
, W. W.
, and Michler
, J.
, 2009, “Brittle-to-Ductile Transition in Uniaxial Compression of Silicon Pillars at Room Temperature
,” Adv. Funct. Mater.
, 19
(15
), pp. 2439
–2444
.12.
Han
, X. D.
, Zheng
, K.
, Zhang
, Y. F.
, Zhang
, X. N.
, Zhang
, Z.
, and Wang
, Z. L.
, 2007, “Low-Temperature In-Situ Large-Strain Plasticity of Silicon Nanowires
,” Adv. Mater.
, 19
(16
), pp. 2112
–2118
.13.
Zhao
, K.
, Pharr
, M.
, Vlassak
, J. J.
, and Suo
, Z.
, 2011, “Inelastic Hosts as Electrodes for High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries
,” J. Appl. Phys.
, 109
(1
), p. 016110
.14.
Liu
, X. H.
, Zheng
, H.
, Zhong
, L.
, Huang
, S.
, Karki
, K.
, Zhang
, L. Q.
, Liu
, Y.
, Kushima
, A.
, Liang
, W. T.
, Wang
, J. W.
, Cho
, J. H.
, Epstein
, E.
, Dayeh
, S. A.
, Picraux
, S. T.
, Zhu
, T.
, Li
, J.
, Sullivan
, J. P.
, Cumings
, J.
, Wang
, C.
, Mao
, S. X.
, Ye
, Z. Z.
, Zhang
, S.
, and Huang
, J. Y.
, 2011, “Anisotropic Swelling and Fracture of Silicon Nanowires During Lithiation
,” Nano Lett.
, 11
(8
), pp. 3312
–3318
.15.
Zhang
, L. Q.
, Liu
, X. H.
, Liu
, Y.
, Huang
, S.
, Zhu
, T.
, Gui
, L.
, Mao
, S. X.
, Ye
, Z. Z.
, Wang
, C. M.
, Sullivan
, J. P.
, and Huang
, J. Y.
, “Controlling the Lithiation-Induced Strain and Charging Rate in Nanowire Electrodes by Coating
,” ACS Nano
, 5
(6
), pp. 4800
–4809
.16.
Huang
, J. Y.
, Zhong
, L.
, Wang
, C. M.
, Sullivan
, J. P.
, Xu
, W.
, Zhang
, L. Q.
, Mao
, S. X.
, Hudak
, N. S.
, Liu
, X. H.
, Subramanian
, A.
, Fan
, H. Y.
, Qi
, L. A.
, Kushima
, A.
, and Li
, J.
, 2010, “In Situ Observation of the Electrochemical Lithiation of a Single SnO2 Nanowire Electrode
,” Science
, 330
(6010
), pp. 1515
–1520
.17.
Liu
, X. H.
, Zhang
, L. Q.
, Zhong
, L.
, Liu
, Y.
, Zheng
, H.
, Wang
, J. W.
, Cho
, J. H.
, Dayeh
, S. A.
, Picraux
, S. T.
, Sullivan
, J. P.
, Mao
, S. X.
, Ye
, Z. Z.
, and Huang
, J. Y.
, 2011, “Ultrafast Electrochemical Lithiation of Individual Si Nanowire Anodes
,” Nano Lett.
, 11
, pp. 2251
–2258
.18.
Yang
, B.
, He
, Y. P.
, and Zhao
, Y. P.
, 2011, “Hydrogenation of Magnesium Nanoblades: The Effect of Concentration Dependent Hydrogen Diffusion
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
, 98
(8
), p. 081905
.19.
Yang
, B.
, He
, Y. P.
, and Zhao
, Y. P.
, 2011, “Concentration-Dependent Hydrogen Diffusion in Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation of Vanadium-Coated Magnesium Nanoblades
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 36
, pp. 15642
–15651
.20.
Cook
, R. D.
, Malkus
, D. S.
, Plesha
, M. E.
, and Witt
, R. J.
, 2001, Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis
, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
, New York
.21.
ANSYS, 2009, “
Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications
,” Release 12.0 ed.22.
Barth
, S.
, Harnagea
, C.
, Mathur
, S.
, and Rosei
, F.
, 2009, “The Elastic Moduli of Oriented Tin Oxide Nanowires
,” Nanotechnology
, 20
(11
), p. 115705
.23.
Li
, H.
, and Bradt
, R. C.
, 1991, “Knoop Microhardness Anisotropy of Single-Crystal Cassiterite (SnO2)
,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
, 74
(5
), pp. 1053
–1060
.24.
Shenoy
, V. B.
, Johari
, P.
, and Qi
, Y.
, 2010, “Elastic Softening of Amorphous and Crystalline Li-Si Phases With Increasing Li Concentration: A First-Principles Study
,” J. Power Sources
, 195
(19
), pp. 6825
–6830
.25.
Ratchford
, J. B.
, Schuster
, B. E.
, Crawford
, B. A.
, Lundgren
, C. A.
, Allen
, J. L.
, and Wolfenstine
, J.
, 2011, “Young’s Modulus of Polycrystalline Li22Si5
,” J. Power Sources
, 196
(18
), pp. 7747
–7749
.Copyright © 2012
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
