Various mechanical surface treatment technologies have been invented and developed to induce a protective layer of compressive residual stress at the surface of gas turbine engine components where the operating loads are tensile dominated. The benefits of these surface treatments are to prevent crack initiation, to retard propagation of small cracks, and even to resist corrosion and wear damage. In this paper the literature on these technologies and their effects on component reliability and durability is reviewed, with an emphasis on shot peening (SP), laser shock peening (LSP), and low plasticity burnishing (LPB). The relative advantages of these three surface treatment technologies, as well as their limitations, are identified and evaluated. The most important issues for these three technologies, and the relative merits of the resultant residual stress fields, are presented and discussed with a view to enhancing gas turbine engine component operating lives.
Issue Section:
Gas Turbines: Manufacturing, Materials & Metallurgy
1.
James, D., 1991, “Ageing aircraft–The AATF Present Programme,” Proceedings of an International Conference on Ageing Aircraft and Structural Airworthiness, Washington, DC, Nov. 19–21, pp. 15–26.
2.
Ratwani, M. M., Koul, A. K., Immarigeon, J-P., and Wallace, W., 1997, “Aging Airframes and Engines,” AGARD-CP-600 Vol. 1.
3.
Lessells, J. M., and Brodrick, R. F., 1956, “Shot-Peening as Protection of Surface-Damaged Propeller-Blade Materials,” Proceedings of The International Conference on Fatigue of Metals, London, Sept. 10–14, pp. 617–627.
4.
Levine, S. R., 1978, “High Temperature Surface Protection,” Surface Treatments for Protection, The Chameleon Press Ltd., London.
5.
Meetham, C. W., 1978, “The Protection of Compressor and Turbine Components of the Aero Gas Turbine Engine,” Surface Treatments for Protection, The Chameleon Press, Ltd., London.
6.
Happ, M. B., 1984, “Shot Peening Bolt Holes in Aircraft Engine Hardware,” Proceedings of The Second International Conference on Shot Peening, Chicago, IL, pp. 43–49.
7.
Bailey, P. G., and Whalen, J. M., 1990, “Shot Peen Controls and Aircraft Engine Requirements,” Surface Engineering, S. A. Meguid, ed., Elsevier, New York, pp. 379–385.
8.
Prevey, P. S., 2000, “The Effect of Cold Work on the Thermal Stability of Residual Compression in Surface Enhanced IN718,” Proceedings of the 20th ASM Materials Solutions Conference & Exposition, St. Louis, MO, Oct. 10–12.
9.
Metz
, S. A.
, and Smidt
, F. A.
, 1971
, “Production of Vacancies by Laser Bombardment
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
, 19
, pp. 207
–208
.10.
Fairand
, B. P.
, Wilcox
, B. A.
, Gallagher
, W. J.
, and Williams
, D. N.
, 1972
, “Laser Shock-Induced Microstructural and Mechanical Property Changes in 7075 Aluminum
,” J. Appl. Phys.
, 43
, pp. 3893
–3895
.11.
U.S. Patent 5,826,453, Oct. 1998, other patents pending.
12.
Sigwart, H., 1956, “Influence of Residual Stresses on the Fatigue Limit,” Proceedings, International Conference on Fatigue of Metals, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London.
13.
Bailey, P. G., Lombardo, D. R., Popp, H. G., and Thompson, R. A., 1996, “Full Assurance Shot Peening of Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Components,” Proceedings of The Six International Conference on Shot Peening, San Francisco, CA, pp. 320–327.
14.
Kirk
, D.
, 1999
, “Shot Peening
,” International Journal of Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology
, 71
, pp. 349
–361
.15.
Lombardo D., and Bailey, P., 1996, “The Reality of Shot Peening Coverage,” Proceedings of The Six International Conference on Shot Peening, San Francisco, CA, pp. 493–504.
16.
Brookman, J. G., and Kiddle, L., 1946, “The Prevention of Fatigue Failures in Metal Parts by Shot Peening,” The Failure of Metals by Fatigue, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, Australia.
17.
Eckersley, J. S., 1990, “Effect of Shot Peening Process Controls on Consistent Treatment,” Surface Engineering, S. A. Meguid, ed., Elsevier, New York, pp. 417–427.
18.
Vaccari
, J. A.
, 1992
, “Laser Shocking Extends Fatigue Life
,” American Machinist
, July, pp. 62–64.19.
Clauer, A. H., Walters, C. T., and Ford, S. C., 1983, “The Effects of Laser Shock Processing on the Fatigue Properties of 2024-T3 Aluminum,” Lasers in Materials Processing, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, pp. 7–22.
20.
Clauer, A. H., 1996, “Laser Shock Peening for Fatigue Resistance,” Surface Performance of Titanium, J. K. Gregory, H. J. Rack, and D. Eylon, eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, pp. 217–230.
21.
Peyre
, P.
, Fabbro
, R.
, Berthe
, L.
, and Dubouchet
, C.
, 1996
, “Laser Shock Processing of Materials, Physical Processes Involved and Examples of Applications
,” J. Laser Appl.
, 8
, pp. 135
–141
.22.
Ruschau
, J.
, John
, R.
, Thompson
, S.
, and Nicholas
, T.
, 1999
, “Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Characteristics of Laser Shock Peened Ti-6al-4V
,” ASME J. Eng. Mater. Technol.
, 121
, pp. 321
–329
.23.
LSPT 2001, 2001, website publications of LSP Technologies, Inc.
24.
Prevey, P. S., and Shepard, M. J., 2000, “Surface Enhancement of Ti-6A1-4V Using Low Plasticity Burnishing,” Proceedings of 11th AeroMat Conference, Bellevue, WA, June.
25.
Prevey, P. S., and Cammett, J. T., 2000, “Low Cost Corrosion Damage Mitigation and Improved Fatigue Performance of Low Plasticity Burnished 7075-T6,” Proceedings of 4th International Conference Aircraft Corrosion Workshop, Solomons, MD, Aug.
26.
Cammett, J. T., and Prevey, P. S., 2001, Fatigue Strength Restoration in Corrosion Pitted 4340 Alloy Steel via Low Plasticity Burnishing, Lambda-Research, Cincinnati, OH.
27.
Zhuang
, W.
, and Halford
, G.
, 2001
, “Investigation of Residual Stress Relaxation Under Cyclic Load
,” Int. J. Fatigue
, 23
, pp. S31–S37
S31–S37
.28.
Telesman, J., Kantzos, P., Gabb, T., and Prevey, P., 1999, “Effect of Residual Stress Surface Enhancement Treatments on Fatigue Crack Growth in Turbine Engine Alloys,” The Third Joint FAA/DoD/NASA Conference on Aging Aircraft, Albuquerque, NM, Sept.
Copyright © 2003
by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
