The friction losses of rotating disks in turbomachines are often increased by protruding bolt heads and surface imperfections, especially at the rim. This can significantly influence the heat production and flow distribution in disk cooling systems. A detailed knowledge of losses and local cooling flows is required to improve the accuracy of both performance and disk life predictions. To this end a thorough experimental study of various disk, bolt, and bolt cover configurations has been carried out. Some of the important test results are presented, and recommendations are given for minimizing windage losses. Empirical influence coefficients based on von Ka´rma´n’s equations for disk friction losses have been derived for different geometries. Furthermore, empirical correlations are proposed for the windage losses of various disk/bolt configurations.
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July 1986
Research Papers
Friction Losses and Flow Distribution for Rotating Disks With Shielded and Protruding Bolts
H. Zimmermann,
H. Zimmermann
MTU Mu¨nchen, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
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A. Firsching,
A. Firsching
MTU Mu¨nchen, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
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G. H. Dibelius,
G. H. Dibelius
Institute for Steam and Gas Turbines, TU Aachen, Aachen, Federal Republic of Germany
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M. Ziemann
M. Ziemann
Institute for Steam and Gas Turbines, TU Aachen, Aachen, Federal Republic of Germany
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H. Zimmermann
MTU Mu¨nchen, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
A. Firsching
MTU Mu¨nchen, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
G. H. Dibelius
Institute for Steam and Gas Turbines, TU Aachen, Aachen, Federal Republic of Germany
M. Ziemann
Institute for Steam and Gas Turbines, TU Aachen, Aachen, Federal Republic of Germany
J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. Jul 1986, 108(3): 547-552 (6 pages)
Published Online: July 1, 1986
Article history
Received:
February 7, 1986
Online:
October 15, 2009
Citation
Zimmermann, H., Firsching, A., Dibelius, G. H., and Ziemann, M. (July 1, 1986). "Friction Losses and Flow Distribution for Rotating Disks With Shielded and Protruding Bolts." ASME. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. July 1986; 108(3): 547–552. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3239945
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