Controlling Iron and Copper Pickup With Neutralizing Amines

Cyclohexylamine and morpholine were fed to minimize pickup of iron and copper by controlling pH in the steam-feedwater cycle of a high-pressure, reheat, controlled-circulation boiler. During treatment with either amine, average iron and copper concentrations throughout the system were less than 0.01 ppm. Sampling methods and analytical techniques using improved indicators for iron and copper are described, and the effect of sample acidification is discussed.