Experimental Study of Turbulent Wake Flow Around Trapezoidal Cylinders With Varying Streamwise Aspect Ratios

The effects of streamwise aspect ratio (AR) on the asymmetric wake flow over and behind right-angled trapezoidal cylinders with AR (⁠$=$ upper cylinder length to height ratio) $=$ 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were investigated using particle image velocimetry. The Reynolds number based on the freestream velocity and cylinder height was 14700. The flow characteristics are examined in terms of the mean velocity flow, Reynolds stresses, probability density function (PDF), and two-point correlations. The results show that the primary vortex in the AR1 and AR2 trapezoidal cases extends into the wake region but is confined to the surface of the longer cases and two asymmetrical wake vortexes are only observed in the longer cases. Dual peaks of elevated streamwise Reynolds stresses are observed in the wake region, regardless of the aspect ratios. The magnitudes of the Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy are higher in the shorter cases (AR1, AR2, and AR3 cases) compared to the longer cases. The PDF distributions show a bimodal asymmetrical shape in the shorter cases but a nearly Gaussian distribution in the AR5 case. Two-point autocorrelations of the streamwise and vertical velocity fluctuations revealed that the spatial coherency of the turbulent structures is highly sensitive to the streamwise aspect ratio and reference locations. Systematic comparison between the present asymmetric results and symmetric wakes generated by rectangular cylinders with similar aspect ratios and Reynolds number shows significant differences between the asymmetric and symmetric wakes, especially at smaller aspect ratios.