Abstract
The paper presents an analytical treatment of the energy transfer between a working fluid and a rotor for pump and turbine machinery, which affords means for selection of the particular sort of vane angles and general arrangements best for a machine for a particular service, and for determination of the detailed dimensions of a machine for particular pressure conditions. A single general formula is given which applies to every sort of machine and which is reduced to a particular form for every particular machine.
In the analytical study a kinematic treatment of rotor energy is first given, which is followed by a hydraulic and thermodynamic treatment of fluid energy. The relations set forth are then applied to pumps and turbines of the axial-flow and of the radial inward- and outward-flow types.
Some of the matter here set forth has been given before, in discussion of particular machines; some of this old matter is here presented in a new way. However, it is doubtful if there has hitherto been presented a general expression for energy transfer correlated with its various applications and physical interpretations. It is the primary purpose of this paper to give such a presentation from many years of practical experience of the authors. In order to give an orderly presentation, the new and old matter are so intermingled to form a complete whole that it is difficult to make distinction and to give reference for the old matter.
