Abstract
Various methods have been developed to generate monodisperse drops of a dispersed phase (DP) liquid in an immiscible continuous phase (CP) liquid, which include the membrane emulsification method and the microfluidic drop generation. This study proposes an easy-to-adopt drop generation method using cross-flow: a DP liquid is injected through a stationary vertical syringe needle into a CP liquid rotating in rigid body motion. The developed method was tested and characterized using de-ionized water as the DP liquid and mineral oil as the CP liquid. Drops were generated mainly either in the dripping mode or the jetting mode, and the former resulted in higher monodispersity. Smaller drops were generated when a thinner syringe needle was used, the average flow speed of the DP liquid through the needle was decreased, or the linear flow speed of the CP liquid at the needle location was increased. Especially, the power–law relationship was observed between the drop diameter and the flow speeds, and the dripping-to-jetting transition (DJT) was observed when the Weber number of the DP liquid was about 5.
Issue Section:
Technical Briefs
References
1.
Vladisavljević
,
G. T.
,
Kobayashi
,
I.
, and
Nakajima
,
M.
, 2012
, “
Production of Uniform Droplets Using Membrane, Microchannel and Microfluidic Emulsification Devices
,” Microfluid. Nanofluid.
,
13
(1
), pp. 151
–178
.10.1007/s10404-012-0948-02.
Zhu
,
P.
, and
Wang
,
L.
, 2017
, “
Passive and Active Droplet Generation With Microfluidics: A Review
,” Lab Chip
,
17
(1
), pp. 34
–75
.10.1039/C6LC01018K3.
Joscelyne
,
S. M.
, and
Trägårdh
,
G.
, 2000
, “
Membrane Emulsification—A Literature Review
,” J. Membr. Sci.
,
169
(1
), pp. 107
–117
.10.1016/S0376-7388(99)00334-84.
Charcosset
,
C.
,
Limayem
,
I.
, and
Fessi
,
H.
, 2004
, “
The Membrane Emulsification Process—A Review
,” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.: Int. Res. Process, Environ. Clean Technol.
,
79
(3
), pp. 209
–218
.10.1002/jctb.9695.
Vladisavljević
,
G. T.
, and
Williams
,
R. A.
, 2005
, “
Recent Developments in Manufacturing Emulsions and Particulate Products Using Membranes
,” Adv. Col. Interf. Sci.
,
113
(1
), pp. 1
–20
.10.1016/j.cis.2004.10.0026.
Giorno
,
L.
,
Luca
,
G. D.
,
Figoli
,
A.
,
Piacentini
,
E.
, and
Drioli
,
E.
, 2009
, “
Membrane Emulsification: Principles and Applications
,” Membrane Operations. Innovative Separations and Transformations
,
E.
Drioli
, and
L.
Giorno
, eds.,
Wiley-VCH
, Weinheim, Germany.7.
Spyropoulos
,
F.
,
Lloyd
,
D. M.
,
Hancocks
,
R. D.
, and
Pawlik
,
A. K.
, 2014
, “
Advances in Membrane Emulsification. Part A: Recent Developments in Processing Aspects and Microstructural Design Approaches
,” J. Sci. Food. Agric.
,
94
(4
), pp. 613
–627
.10.1002/jsfa.64448.
Spyropoulos
,
F.
,
Lloyd
,
D. M.
,
Hancocks
,
R. D.
, and
Pawlik
,
A. K.
, 2014
, “
Advances in Membrane Emulsification. Part B: Recent Developments in modelling and Scale-Up Approaches
,” J. Sci. Food Agric.
,
94
(4
), pp. 628
–638
.10.1002/jsfa.64439.
Gijsbertsen-Abrahamse
,
A. J.
,
Padt
,
A. V. D.
, and
Boom
,
R. M.
, 2004
, “
Status of Cross-Flow Membrane Emulsification and Outlook for Industrial Application
,” J. Membr. Sci.
,
230
(1–2
), pp. 149
–159
.10.1016/j.memsci.2003.11.00610.
Kobayashi
,
I.
,
Nakajima
,
M.
,
Chun
,
K.
,
Kikuchi
,
Y.
, and
Fujita
,
H.
, 2002
, “
Silicon Array of Elongated Through Holes for Monodisperse Emulsion Droplets
,” AIChE J.
,
48
(8
), pp. 1639
–1644
.10.1002/aic.69048080711.
Teh
,
S. Y.
,
Lin
,
R.
,
Hung
,
L. H.
, and
Lee
,
A. P.
, 2008
, “
Droplet Microfluidics
,” Lab Chip
,
8
(2
), pp. 198
–220
.10.1039/b715524g12.
Seemann
,
R.
,
Brinkmann
,
M.
,
Pfohl
,
T.
, and
Herminghaus
,
S.
, 2012
, “
Droplet Based Microfluidics
,” Rep. Prog. Phys.
,
75
(1
), p. 016601
.10.1088/0034-4885/75/1/01660113.
Pit
,
A. M.
,
Duits
,
M. H. G.
, and
Mugele
,
F.
, 2015
, “
Droplet Manipulations in Two Phase Flow Microfluidics
,” Micromachines
,
6
(11
), pp. 1768
–1793
.10.3390/mi611145514.
Drelich
,
J.
,
Fang
,
C.
, and
White
,
C. L.
, 2002
, “
Measurement of Interfacial Tension in Fluid-Fluid Systems
,” Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science, A. T. Hubbard, ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 3158
–3163
.15.
Abràmoff
,
M. D.
,
Magalhães
,
P. J.
, and
Ram
,
S. J.
, 2004
, “
Image Processing With ImageJ
,” Biophotonics Int., 11(7), pp. 36
–42
.16.
Schneider
,
C. A.
,
Rasband
,
W. S.
, and
Eliceiri
,
K. W.
, 2012
, “
NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 Years of Image Analysis
,” Nat. Methods
,
9
(7
), pp. 671
–675
.10.1038/nmeth.208917.
Basu
,
A. S.
, 2013
, “
Droplet Morphometry and Velocimetry (DMV): A Video Processing Software for Time-Resolved, Label-Free Tracking of Droplet Parameters
,” Lab Chip
,
13
(10
), pp. 1892
–1901
.10.1039/c3lc50074h18.
Meyer
,
R. F.
, and
Crocker
,
J. C.
, 2009
, “
Universal Dripping and Jetting in a Transverse Shear Flow
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
,
102
(19
), p. 194501
.10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.19450119.
Bertrandias
,
A.
,
Duval
,
H.
,
Casalinho
,
J.
, and
Giorgi
,
M. L.
, 2017
, “
Dripping to Jetting Transition for Cross-Flowing Liquids
,” Phys. Fluids
,
29
(4
), p. 044102
.10.1063/1.497926620.
Christov
,
N. C.
,
Danov
,
K. D.
,
Danova
,
D. K.
, and
Kralchevsky
,
P. A.
, 2008
, “
The Drop Size in Membrane Emulsification Determined from the Balance of Capillary and Hydrodynamic Forces
,” Langmuir
,
24
(4
), pp. 1397
–1410
.10.1021/la702306f21.
Hao
,
D. X.
,
Gong
,
F. L.
,
Hu
,
G. H.
,
Zhao
,
Y. J.
,
Lian
,
G. P.
,
Ma
,
G. H.
, and
Su
,
Z. G.
, 2008
, “
Controlling Factors on Droplets Uniformity in Membrane Emulsification: Experiment and Modeling Analysis
,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.
,
47
(17
), pp. 6418
–6425
.10.1021/ie800031522.
Xu
,
J. H.
,
Li
,
S. W.
,
Tan
,
J.
,
Wang
,
Y. J.
, and
Luo
,
G. S.
, 2006
, “
Preparation of Highly Monodisperse Droplet in a T‐Junction Microfluidic Device
,” AIChE J.
,
52
(9
), pp. 3005
–3010
.10.1002/aic.1092423.
Malloggi
,
F.
,
Pannacci
,
N.
,
Attia
,
R.
,
Monti
,
F.
,
Mary
,
P.
,
Willaime
,
H.
,
Tabeling
,
P.
,
Cabane
,
B.
, and
Poncet
,
P.
, 2010
, “
Monodisperse Colloids Synthesized With Nanofluidic Technology
,” Langmuir
,
26
(4
), pp. 2369
–2373
.10.1021/la902804724.
Dragosavac
,
M. M.
,
Vladisavljevic
,
G. T.
,
Holdich
,
R. G.
, and
Stillwell
,
M. T.
, 2012
, “
Production of Porous Silica Microparticles by Membrane Emulsification
,” Langmuir
,
28
(1
), pp. 134
–143
.10.1021/la202974b25.
Pathak
,
M.
, 2011
, “
Numerical Simulation of Membrane Emulsification: Effect of Flow Properties in the Transition From Dripping to Jetting
,” J. Membr. Sci.
,
382
(1–2
), pp. 166
–176
.10.1016/j.memsci.2011.08.00526.
Peng
,
S. J.
, and
Williams
,
R. A.
, 1998
, “
Controlled Production of Emulsions Using a Crossflow Membrane: Part I: Droplet Formation From a Single Pore
,” Chem. Eng. Res. Des.
,
76
(8
), pp. 894
–901
.10.1205/02638769852569427.
Dyke
,
M. V.
, 1982
, An Album of Fluid Motion
,
The Parabolic Press
, Stanford, CA.Copyright © 2020 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
