When a particle is moving inside a channel, its hydrodynamic interaction with channel walls increases its drag coefficient, causing a diffusivity reduction. For charged particles moving in an electrolytic solution, there is an additional drag due to the distortion of an electrical double layer caused by particle motion known as the relaxation effect. Effects of relaxation on drag forces on spheres confined in rectangular channels are computed employing perturbations involving particle Peclet number and surface charge densities. Results indicate that confinement amplifies electrokinetic retardation; increasing the relative particle size or decreasing the channel cross section area enhances the relaxation effect. With the relative particle size kept constant, the relaxation effect on the drag exerted on charged spheres in cylindrical pores with its smaller cross section area is stronger than that on charged spheres in rectangular channels and slit pores. However, for certain values of Debye length and particle size, the ratio between excess drag due to relaxation on confined charged spheres and hydrodynamic drag on uncharged spheres confined at the same location is higher for particles in rectangular channels, resulting in higher percentages of diffusivity reduction. Diffusivity reduction due to relaxation of charged particles in square ducts displays a maximum as a function of relative particle size, whereas that of charged particles in rectangular channels with higher cross section aspect ratio increases monotonically as particle size increases.
Issue Section:
Flows in Complex Systems
References
1.
Kang
, Y.
, and Li
, D.
, 2009
, “Electrokinetic Motion of Particles and Cells in Microchannels
,” Microfluid. Nanofluid.
, 6
(4
), pp. 431
–460
.2.
Ai
, Y.
, and Qian
, S.
, 2011
, “Electrokinetic Particle Translocation Through a Nanopore
,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
, 13
(9
), pp. 4060
–4071
.3.
Ai
, Y.
, and Qian
, S.
, 2011
, “Direct Numerical Simulation of Electrokinetic Translocation of a Cylindrical Particle Through a Nanopore Using a Poisson-Boltzmann Approach
,” Electrophoresis
, 32
(9
), pp. 996
–1005
.4.
Yeh
, L. H.
, Zhang
, M.
, Joo
, S. W.
, Qian
, S.
, and Hsu
, J. P.
, 2012
, “Controlling pH-Regulated Bionanoparticles Translocation Through Nanopores With Polyelectrolyte Brushes
,” Anal. Chem.
, 84
(21
), pp. 9615
–9622
.5.
Aksimentiev
, A.
, Heng
, J. B.
, Timp
, G.
, and Schulten
, K.
, 2004
, “Microscopic Kinetics of DNA Translocation Through Synthetic Nanopores
,” Biophys. J.
, 87
(3
), pp. 2086
–2097
.6.
Heng
, J. B.
, Ho
, C.
, Kim
, T.
, Timp
, R.
, Aksimentiev
, A.
, Grinkova
, Y. V.
, Sligar
, S.
, Schulten
, K.
, and Timp
, G.
, 2004
, “Sizing DNA Using a Nanometer-Diameter Pore
,” Biophys. J.
, 87
(4
), pp. 2905
–2911
.7.
Zhang
, M.
, Yeh
, L. H.
, Qian
, S.
, Hsu
, J. P.
, and Joo
, S. W.
, 2012
, “DNA Electrokinetic Translocation Through a Nanopore: Local Permittivity Environment Effect
,” J. Phys. Chem. C
, 116
(7
), pp. 4793
–4801
.8.
Stone
, H. A.
, Stroock
, A. D.
, and Ajdari
, A.
, 2004
, “Engineering Flows in Small Devices: Microfluidics Toward a Lab-on-a-Chip
,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
, 36
(1
), pp. 381
–411
.9.
Bazant
, M. Z.
, and Squire
, T. M.
, 2004
, “Induced-Charge Electrokinetic Phenomena: Theory and Microfluidic Applications
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
, 92
(6
), p. 066101
.10.
Chin
, C. D.
, Linder
, V.
, and Sia
, S. K.
, 2007
, “Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Global Health: Past Studies and Future Opportunities
,” Lab Chip
, 7
(1
), pp. 41
–57
.11.
Batchelor
, G.
, 1974
“Transport Properties of Two-Phase Materials With Random Structure
,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
, 6
, pp. 227
–255
.12.
Deen
, W. M.
, 1987
, “Hindered Transport of Large Molecules in Liquid-Filled Pores
,” AIChE J.
, 33
(9
), pp. 1409
–1425
.13.
Pozrikidis
, C.
, 1992
, Boundary Integral and Singularity Methods for Linearized Viscous Flow
, Cambridge University Press
, New York
.14.
Brenner
, H.
, and Gaydos
, L. J.
, 1977
, “The Constrained Brownian Movement of Spherical Particles in Cylindrical Pores of Comparable Radius
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
, 58
(2
), pp. 312
–356
.15.
Smith
, F. G.
, and Deen
, W. M.
, 1983
, “Electrostatic Effects on the Partition of Spherical Colloids Between Dilute Bulk Solution and Cylindrical Pores
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
, 91
(2
), pp. 571
–590
.16.
Otani
, H.
, Akinaga
, T.
, and Sugihara-seki
, M.
, 2011
, “The Charge Effect on the Hindrance Factors for Diffusion and Convection of a Solute in Pores: I
,” Fluid Dyn. Res.
, 43
(6
), pp. 1
–12
.17.
Akinaga
, T.
, Otani
, H.
, and Sugihara-seki
, M.
, 2012
, “The Charge Effect on the Hindrance Factors for Diffusion and Convection of a Solute in Pores: II
,” Fluid Dyn. Res.
, 44
(6
), pp. 1
–14
.18.
Chun
, M.
, and Phillips
, R. J.
, 1997
, “Electrostatic Partitioning in Slit Pores by Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo Simulation
,” AIChE J.
, 43
(5
), pp. 1194
–1203
.19.
Hsu
, J. P.
, and Liu
, B.
, 1999
, “Electrical Interaction Energy between Two Charged Entities in an Electrolyte Solution
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
, 217
(2
), pp. 219
–236
.20.
Booth
, F.
, 1954
, “Sedimentation Potential and Velocity of Solid Spherical Particles
,” J. Chem. Phys.
, 22
(12
), pp. 1956
–1968
.21.
Stigter
, D.
, 1980
, “Sedimentation of Highly Charged Colloidal Spheres
,” J. Phys. Chem.
, 84
(21
), pp. 2758
–2762
.22.
Ohshima
, H.
, Healy
, T. W.
, and White
, L. R.
, 1984
, “Sedimentation Velocity and Potential of Dilute of Charged Spherical Colloidal Particles
,” J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2
, 80
(10
), pp. 1299
–1317
.23.
Lee
, E.
, Chu
, J. W.
, and Hsu
, J. P.
, 1999
, “Sedimentation Potential of a Concentrated Spherical Colloidal Suspension
,” J. Chem. Phys.
, 110
(23
), pp. 11643
–11651
.24.
Keh
, H. J.
, and Ding
, J. M.
, 2000
, “Sedimentation Velocity and Potential in Concentrated Suspensions of Charged Spheres With Arbitrary Double-Layer Thickness
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
, 227
(2
), pp. 540
–552
.25.
Yeh
, P. H.
, Hsu
, J. P.
, and Teng
, S.
, 2014
, “Influence of Polyelectrolyte Shape on Its Sedimentation Behavior: Effect of Relaxation Electric Field
,” Soft Matter
, 10
(44
), pp. 8864
–8874
.26.
Booth
, F.
, 1950
, “The Cataphoresis of Spherical, Solid Non-Conducting Particles in a Symmetrical Electrolyte
,” Proc. R. Soc. London A
, 203
(1075
), pp. 514
–533
.27.
Wiersama
, P. H.
, Loeb
, A. L.
, and Overbeek
, J. T. G.
, 1966
, “Calculation of the Electrophoretic Mobility of a Spherical Colloid Particle
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
, 22
(1
), pp. 78
–99
.28.
O'Brien
, R. W.
, and White
, L. R.
, 1978
, “Electrophoretic Mobility of a Spherical Colloidal Particle
,” J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2
, 74
, pp. 1607
–1626
.29.
Ohshima
, H.
, 2011
, “Electrophoretic Mobility of a Highly Charged Soft Particle: Relaxation Effect
,” Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects
, 36
(1–3
), pp. 72
–75
.30.
Pujar
, N. S.
, and Zydney
, A. L.
, 1996
, “Boundary Effects on the Sedimentation and Hindered Diffusion of Charged Particles
,” AIChE J.
, 42
(8
), pp. 2101
–2111
.31.
Lee
, E.
, Yen
, C. B.
, and Hsu
, J. P.
, 2000
, “Sedimentation of a Nonconducting Sphere in a Spherical Cavity
,” J. Phys. Chem. B
, 104
(29
), pp. 6815
–6820
.32.
Keh
, H. J.
, and Cheng
, T. F.
, 2011
, “Sedimentation of a Charged Colloidal Sphere in a Charged Cavity
,” J. Chem. Phys.
, 135
(21
), p. 214706
.33.
Dechadilok
, P.
, and Deen
, W. M.
, 2009
, “Electrostatic and Electrokinetic Effects on Hindered Diffusion in Pores
,” J. Membr. Sci.
, 336
(1–2
), pp. 7
–16
.34.
Yalcin
, S. E.
, Lee
, S. Y.
, Joo
, S. W.
, Baysal
, O.
, and Qian
, S.
, 2010
, “Electrodiffusiophoretic Motion of a Charged Spherical Particles in a Nanopore
,” J. Phys. Chem. B.
, 114
(11
), pp. 4082
–4093
.35.
Zhang
, M.
, Ye
, A.
, Kim
, D. S.
, Jeong
, J. H.
, Joo
, S. W.
, and Qian
, S.
, 2011
, “Electrophoretic Motion of a Soft Spherical Particle in a Nanopore
,” Colloid Surf. B
, 88
(1
), pp. 165
–174
.36.
Wang
, N.
, Yee
, C. P.
, Chen
, Y. Y.
, Hsu
, J. P.
, and Tseng
, S.
, 2013
, “Electrophoresis of a pH-Regulated Zwitterionic Nanoparticle in a pH-Regulated Zwitterionic Capillary
,” Langmuir
, 29
(23
), pp. 7162
–7169
.37.
Qiu
, Y.
, Yang
, C.
, Hinkle
, P.
, Vlassiouk
, I. V.
, and Siwy
, Z. S.
, 2015
, “Anomalous Mobility of Highly Charged Particles in Pores
,” Anal. Chem.
, 87
(16
), pp. 8517
–8523
.38.
Van de Ven
, T. G. M.
, 1989
, Colloidal Hydrodynamics
, Academic Press
, San Diego, CA
.39.
Ilic
, V.
, Tullock
, D.
, Phan-Thien
, N.
, and Graham
, A. L.
, 1992
, “Translation and Rotation of Spheres Settling in Square and Circular Conduits: Experiments and Numerical Predictions
,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow
, 18
(6
), pp.1061
–1075
.40.
Feng
, Z.
, and Michaelides
, E. E.
, 2002
, “Hydrodynamic Forces on Spheres in Cylindrical and Prismatic Enclosures
,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow
, 28
(3
), pp. 479
–496
.41.
Gentile
, F. S.
, De Santo
, I.
, D'Avino
, G.
, Rossi
, L.
, Romeo
, G.
, Greco
, F.
, Netti
, P. A.
, and Maffettone
, P. L.
, 2015
, “Hindered Brownian Diffusion in a Square-Shaped Geometry
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
, 447
, pp. 25
–32
.42.
Ganatos
, P.
, Pfeffer
, R.
, and Weinbaum
, S.
, 1980
, “A Strong Interaction Theory for the Creeping Motion of a Sphere Between Plane Parallel Boundaries. 2. Parallel Motion
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 99
(4
), pp. 755
–783
.43.
Weinbaum
, S.
, 1981
, “Strong Interaction Theory for Particle Motion through Pores and Near Boundaries in Biological Flows at Low Reynolds Number
,” Some Mathematical Questions in Biology
, S. Childress, ed., The American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, pp. 119
–146
.44.
Happel
, J.
, and Brenner
, H.
, 1983
, Low Reynolds Number Hydrodynamics
, Martinus Nijhoff
, The Hague, The Netherlands
.45.
Staben
, M. E.
, Zinchenko
, A. Z.
, and Davis
, R. H.
, 2003
, “Motion of a Particle Between Two Parallel Plane Walls in Low-Reynolds-Number Poiseuille Flow
,” Phys. Fluids.
, 15
(6
), pp.1711
–1733
.46.
Gupta
, M.
, 2004
, “Polymer and Sphere Diffusion in Confinement
,” M.S. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.47.
Dechadilok
, P.
, and Deen
, W. M.
, 2006
, “Hindrance Factors for Diffusion and Convection in Pores
,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.
, 45
(21
), pp. 6953
–6959
.48.
Johnson
, K. A.
, Westermann-Clark
, G. B.
, and Shah
, D. O.
, 1989
, “Diffusion of Charged Micelles through Charged Microporous Membranes
,” Langmuir
, 5
(4
), pp. 932
–938
.49.
Verway
, E. J. W.
, and Overbeek
, J. Th. G.
, 1948
, Theory of the Stability of Lyophobic Colloids
, Elsevier
, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
