This study evaluates the potential aggregate effects of net-zero energy building (NZEB) implementations on the electrical grid in a simulation-based analysis. To estimate the impact of NZEBs on the electrical grid, a simulation-based study of an office building with a grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) power generation system is conducted. This study assumes that net-metering is available for NZEBs such that the excess on-site PV generation can be fed to the electrical grid. The impact of electrical energy storage (EES) within NZEBs on the electrical grid is also considered in this study. Different levels of NZEB adoption are examined: 20%, 50%, and 100% of the U.S. office building stock. Results indicate that significant penetration of NZEBs could potentially affect the current U.S. electricity demand profiles by reducing purchased electricity from the electrical grid and by increasing exported electricity to the electrical grid during peak hours. Annual electricity consumption of simulated office NZEBs in the U.S. climate locations is in the range of around 94–132 kWh/m2 yr. Comparison of hourly electricity demand profiles for the actual U.S. demand versus the calculated net-demand on a national scales indicates that the peak percentage difference of the U.S. net-electricity demand includes about 10.7%, 15.2%, and 9.3% for 100% of the U.S. NZEB stock on representative summer, transition, and winter days, respectively. Using EES within NZEBs, the peak percentage differences are reduced and shifted to the afternoon, including 8.6%, 13.3%, and 6.3% for 100% of the U.S. NZEB stock on each representative day.
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June 2019
Research-Article
Potential Impacts of Net-Zero Energy Buildings With Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation on the U.S. Electrical Grid
Dongsu Kim,
Dongsu Kim
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Mississippi State University,
P.O. Box 9552,
Mississippi State, MS 39762
e-mail: dk779@msstate.edu
Mississippi State University,
P.O. Box 9552,
Mississippi State, MS 39762
e-mail: dk779@msstate.edu
Search for other works by this author on:
Heejin Cho,
Heejin Cho
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Mississippi State University,
P.O. Box 9552,
Mississippi State, MS 39762
e-mail: cho@me.msstate.edu
Mississippi State University,
P.O. Box 9552,
Mississippi State, MS 39762
e-mail: cho@me.msstate.edu
Search for other works by this author on:
Rogelio Luck
Rogelio Luck
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Mississippi State University,
P.O. Box 9552,
Mississippi State, MS 39762
e-mail: luck@me.msstate.edu
Mississippi State University,
P.O. Box 9552,
Mississippi State, MS 39762
e-mail: luck@me.msstate.edu
Search for other works by this author on:
Dongsu Kim
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Mississippi State University,
P.O. Box 9552,
Mississippi State, MS 39762
e-mail: dk779@msstate.edu
Mississippi State University,
P.O. Box 9552,
Mississippi State, MS 39762
e-mail: dk779@msstate.edu
Heejin Cho
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Mississippi State University,
P.O. Box 9552,
Mississippi State, MS 39762
e-mail: cho@me.msstate.edu
Mississippi State University,
P.O. Box 9552,
Mississippi State, MS 39762
e-mail: cho@me.msstate.edu
Rogelio Luck
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Mississippi State University,
P.O. Box 9552,
Mississippi State, MS 39762
e-mail: luck@me.msstate.edu
Mississippi State University,
P.O. Box 9552,
Mississippi State, MS 39762
e-mail: luck@me.msstate.edu
1Corresponding author.
Contributed by the Advanced Energy Systems Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY. Manuscript received September 4, 2018; final manuscript received November 14, 2018; published online January 18, 2019. Assoc. Editor: Reza Baghaei Lakeh.
J. Energy Resour. Technol. Jun 2019, 141(6): 062005 (15 pages)
Published Online: January 18, 2019
Article history
Received:
September 4, 2018
Revised:
November 14, 2018
Citation
Kim, D., Cho, H., and Luck, R. (January 18, 2019). "Potential Impacts of Net-Zero Energy Buildings With Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation on the U.S. Electrical Grid." ASME. J. Energy Resour. Technol. June 2019; 141(6): 062005. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4042407
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