The mechanistic model of Taitel and Dukler [1] has previously been reported to exhibit a region in which three solutions exist for the height of the gas-liquid interface in the stratified/wave flow regime. Most laboratory studies have not dealt with flow rates in the ranges where the multiple solutions occur. An experimental study has been carried out at the University of Calgary to obtain such data. The object of this work is to review the relevant theory, investigate situations where theory suggests that multiple solutions should exist, and attempt to show whether or not such solutions do physically exist.
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
1.
Taitel
, Y.
, and Dukler
, A. E.
, 1976
, “A Model for Predicting Flow Regime Transitions in Horizontal and Near Horizontal Gas-Liquid Flow
,” AIChE J.
, 22
(1
), January, pp. 47
47
.2.
Baker, A., and Gravestock, N., 1987, “New Correlations for Predicting Pressure Loss and Holdup in Gas/Condensate Pipelines,” Paper No. B3, presented at the 3rd Int. Conf. on Multi-Phase Flow (BHRA), The Hague, Netherlands, May, pp. 417.
3.
Baker
, A.
, Nielsen
, K.
, and Gabb
, A.
, 1988
, “New Correlations-1: Pressure Loss, Liquid Holdup Calculations Developed
,” Oil & Gas J.
, March 21
, pp. 55
55
.4.
Oliemans, R. V. A., 1987, “Modelling of Gas-Condensate Flow in Horizontal and Inclined Pipes,” Proc. of the ASME Pipeline Engineering Symposium-ETCE, Dallas, pp. 73.
5.
Blasius, H., 1913, Mitt. Forschungsarb., No. 131.
6.
Agrawal
, S. S.
, Gregory
, G. A.
, and Govier
, G. W.
, 1973
, “An Analysis of Horizontal Stratified Two Phase Flow in Pipes
,” Can. J. Chem. Eng.
, 51
, June, pp. 280
280
.7.
Lockhart
, R. W.
, and Martinelli
, R. C.
, 1949
, “Proposed Correlation of Data for Isothermal Two-Phase, Two-Component Flow in Pipes
,” Chem. Eng. Prog.
, 45
, No. 1, January
, pp. 39
39
.8.
Gazley, C., 1949, “Interfacial Shear and Stability in Two-Phase Flow,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Delaware.
9.
Landman
, M. J.
, 1991a
, “Non-Unique Holdup and Pressure Drop in Two-Phase Stratified Inclined Pipe Flow
,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow
, 17
(3
), pp. 377
377
.10.
Landman, M. J., 1991b, “Hysteresis of Holdup and Pressure Drop in Simulations of Two-Phase Stratified Inclined Pipe Flow,” Paper No. A2, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Multiphase Production (BHR Group), Cannes, France, June 1991, pp. 31.
11.
Nitheanandan
, T.
, and Soliman
, H. M.
, 1994
, “Analysis of the Stratified/Nonstratified Transitional Boundary in Horizontal and Slightly Inclined Condensing Flows
,” Can. J. Chem. Eng.
, 72
, February, pp. 26
26
.12.
Barnea
, D.
, and Taitel
, Y.
, 1992
, “Structural and Interfacial Stability of Multiple Solutions for Stratified Flow
,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow
, 18
(6
), pp. 821
821
.13.
Barnea
, D.
, and Taitel
, Y.
, 1994
, “Interfacial and Structural Stability of Separated Flow
,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow
, 20
, Supp., pp. 387
387
.14.
Barnea
, D.
, 1991
, “Stability Analysis of Annular Flow Structure, Using a Discrete Form of the ‘Two-Fluid Model’
,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow
, 17
(6
), pp. 705
705
.15.
Barnea
, D.
, and Taitel
, Y.
, 1990
, “Non-Linear Stability and Dynamic Simulation of Annular Flow
,” Chem. Eng. Sci.
, 45
, pp. 3367
3367
.16.
Gregory, G. A., and Mattar, L., 1973, “An In Situ Volume Fraction Sensor for Two Phase Flow of Non-Electrolytes,” J. Can. Pet. Technol., pp. 48.
17.
National Instruments, 1993, LabVIEW for Windows User Manual, National Instruments Corporation, Austin, Texas.
18.
Govier, G. W., and Aziz, K., 1972, The Flow of Complex Mixtures in Pipes, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
19.
Govier
, G. W.
, and Omer
, M. M.
, 1962
, “The Horizontal Pipeline Flow of Air-Water Mixtures
,” Can. J. Chem. Eng.
, 40
, pp. 93
93
.20.
Meng, W., 1999, “Low Liquid Loading Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Near-Horizontal Pipes,” Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Tulsa.
21.
Meng, W., Chen, X. T., Kouba, G. E., Sarica, C., and Brill, J. P., 1999, “Experimental Study of Low Liquid Loading Gas-Liquid Flow in Near-Horizontal Pipes,” SPE 56466 presented at SPE ATCE, Houston, Texas.
22.
Petalas, N., and Aziz, K., 1994, “Stanford Multiphase Flow Database,” User’s Manual Version 0.1, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Stanford University.
23.
Crowley, C. J., and Rathe, P. H., 1988, “Assessment of Mechanistic Two-Phase Analysis Methods for Gas/Condensate Pipelines,” presented at the PSIG Annual Meeting, Toronto.
24.
Smith, S. P., 1999, “Experimental Investigation of Multiple Solutions for Liquid Holdup in Upward Inclined Stratified Flow,” M.Eng. thesis, University of Calgary.
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