Computer servers can be represented by lumped thermal capacitances for the purpose of simulating server and data center transient thermal response to changes in operating conditions or equipment failures. Two parameters are needed to characterize the transient behavior of a lumped-capacitance server: its thermal capacitance and its thermal conductance, heat transfer effectiveness, or time constant. To avoid the laborious task of obtaining these parameters from measurements or estimations of the thermal characteristics of internal components of the server, a method is proposed to derive these parameters from external measurements that can be easily obtained without performing an “autopsy” on the server. In this paper, we present the mathematical formulation underlying the proposed method and describe how the parameters are to be obtained from external air-temperature measurements using the mathematical model. We then present validation test cases using experimental data from server shut-down and inlet-temperature ramp tests. The experimentally obtained parameters are implemented into a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) case study of server shutdown in which the transient server exit air temperature is computed from the lumped-capacitance parameters via a user-defined function. The results thus obtained are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
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September 2014
Research-Article
Determination of the Lumped-Capacitance Parameters of Air-Cooled Servers Through Air Temperature Measurements
Hamza Salih Erden,
Hamza Salih Erden
1
Mem. ASME
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
Syracuse, NY 13244
e-mail: herden@syr.edu
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
Syracuse University,
Syracuse, NY 13244
e-mail: herden@syr.edu
1Corresponding author.
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H. Ezzat Khalifa,
H. Ezzat Khalifa
Fellow ASME
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
Syracuse, NY 13244
e-mail: hekhalif@syr.edu
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
Syracuse University
,Syracuse, NY 13244
e-mail: hekhalif@syr.edu
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Roger R. Schmidt
Roger R. Schmidt
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Hamza Salih Erden
Mem. ASME
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
Syracuse, NY 13244
e-mail: herden@syr.edu
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
Syracuse University,
Syracuse, NY 13244
e-mail: herden@syr.edu
H. Ezzat Khalifa
Fellow ASME
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
Syracuse, NY 13244
e-mail: hekhalif@syr.edu
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
Syracuse University
,Syracuse, NY 13244
e-mail: hekhalif@syr.edu
Roger R. Schmidt
1Corresponding author.
Contributed by the Electronic and Photonic Packaging Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING. Manuscript received September 17, 2013; final manuscript received February 25, 2014; published online May 5, 2014. Assoc. Editor: Siddharth Bhopte.
J. Electron. Packag. Sep 2014, 136(3): 031005 (9 pages)
Published Online: May 5, 2014
Article history
Received:
September 17, 2013
Revision Received:
February 25, 2014
Citation
Salih Erden, H., Ezzat Khalifa, H., and Schmidt, R. R. (May 5, 2014). "Determination of the Lumped-Capacitance Parameters of Air-Cooled Servers Through Air Temperature Measurements." ASME. J. Electron. Packag. September 2014; 136(3): 031005. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4027092
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