This study combined a simple two-dimensional (2D) finite volume model (Kim model), which employs Ohm's law along with charge conservation over the electrodes and Butler–Volmer charge transfer kinetics for prismatic battery cells coupled with the single particle model (SPM) in order to model the thermal state of automotive battery packs. The objective here was to determine the effects of liquid cooling applied to the packs under standard driving cycles. A model developed by Kim provided a means for determining a nonuniform current distribution over the surface of the current collectors. The Kim model is based on the application of Ohm's law over a conducting medium, with empirical source terms representing current flowing into or out of an adjacent electrode layer. Here, a modeling advance is presented where empirical source terms in the Kim model were replaced with ones based on the chemistry and physics occurring inside the battery. As such, fundamental battery function was imparted to the model by integrating the SPM into the 2D finite volume Kim model. The 2D procedure described above was carried out on electrode sheets at different positions inside the cell, and determined thermal generation values that were mapped volumetrically into a heat transfer simulation, which, in turn, updated the electrochemical simulation. Capacity fade kinetics were determined by fitting experimental data to simulated results. With time-temperature profiles produced as described above for different pack cooling levels and varying degrees of cell degradation, a basic SPM simulation was then used with thermal overlays to estimate automotive cell life under various driving scenarios and various cooling levels. With these simulations, scenarios representing different thermal management regimes along with driving behavior were able to show the combined impact on automotive battery pack lifetimes.
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Research-Article
Coupled Numerical Approach for Automotive Battery Pack Lifetime Estimates With Thermal Management
K. Darcovich,
K. Darcovich
Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio,
National Research Council of Canada,
Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
e-mail: ken.darcovich@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
National Research Council of Canada,
Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
e-mail: ken.darcovich@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
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D. D. MacNeil,
D. D. MacNeil
Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio,
National Research Council of Canada,
Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
National Research Council of Canada,
Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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S. Recoskie,
S. Recoskie
Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio,
National Research Council of Canada,
Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
National Research Council of Canada,
Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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Q. Cadic,
Q. Cadic
ICAM-Toulouse,
Toulouse 31300, France
75 Avenue de Grande Bretagne
,Toulouse 31300, France
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F. Ilinca,
F. Ilinca
Automotive and Surface Transportation Portfolio,
National Research Council of Canada,
Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, Canada
National Research Council of Canada,
Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, Canada
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B. Kenney
B. Kenney
Dana Canada Corp.,
Oakville, ON L6K 3E4, Canada
656 Kerr Street
,Oakville, ON L6K 3E4, Canada
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K. Darcovich
Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio,
National Research Council of Canada,
Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
e-mail: ken.darcovich@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
National Research Council of Canada,
Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
e-mail: ken.darcovich@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
D. D. MacNeil
Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio,
National Research Council of Canada,
Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
National Research Council of Canada,
Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
S. Recoskie
Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio,
National Research Council of Canada,
Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
National Research Council of Canada,
Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
Q. Cadic
ICAM-Toulouse,
Toulouse 31300, France
75 Avenue de Grande Bretagne
,Toulouse 31300, France
F. Ilinca
Automotive and Surface Transportation Portfolio,
National Research Council of Canada,
Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, Canada
National Research Council of Canada,
Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, Canada
B. Kenney
Dana Canada Corp.,
Oakville, ON L6K 3E4, Canada
656 Kerr Street
,Oakville, ON L6K 3E4, Canada
1Corresponding author.
Manuscript received October 18, 2016; final manuscript received September 5, 2017; published online February 6, 2018. Assoc. Editor: Jan Van Herle.
This work was prepared while under employment by the Government of Canada as part of the official duties of the author(s) indicated above, as such copyright is owned by that Government, which reserves its own copyright under national law.
J. Electrochem. En. Conv. Stor. May 2018, 15(2): 021004 (12 pages)
Published Online: February 6, 2018
Article history
Received:
October 18, 2016
Revised:
September 5, 2017
Citation
Darcovich, K., MacNeil, D. D., Recoskie, S., Cadic, Q., Ilinca, F., and Kenney, B. (February 6, 2018). "Coupled Numerical Approach for Automotive Battery Pack Lifetime Estimates With Thermal Management." ASME. J. Electrochem. En. Conv. Stor. May 2018; 15(2): 021004. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038631
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