Abstract
Linear resonant actuators (LRAs) are used extensively in consumer electronic devices such as cell phones and fitness trackers to provide haptic signals to users. This work presents a dynamic model of LRAs based, principally, on the electromagnetic aspects of the these devices. The model predicts that the natural frequency exhibited by an LRA can deviate significantly from that predicted by conventional spring-mass-damper dynamic models. Preliminary experimental results appear to support theoretical findings.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
References
1.
Shim
,
S.-W.
, and
Tan
,
H. Z.
, 2020
, “
Palmscape: Calm and Pleasant Vibrotactile Signals
,” International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Design, User Experience, and Usability. Interaction Design
,
Springer International Publishing
, Berlin, pp. 532
–548
10.1007/978-3-030-49713-2_37.2.
Chatlatanagulchai
,
W.
,
Kijdech
,
D.
,
Benjalersyarnon
,
T.
, and
Damyot
,
S.
, 2016
, “
Quantitative Feedback Input Shaping for Flexible-Joint Robot Manipulator
,” ASME. J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control
,
138
(6
), p. 061006
.10.1115/1.40329313.
Stergiopoulos
,
J.
, and
Tzes
,
A.
, 2007
, “
Adaptive Input Shaping for Nonlinear Systems: A Case Study
,” J. Dyn. Syst., Meas., Control
,
129
(2
), pp. 219
–223
.10.1115/1.2431815 4.
Schlagenhauf
,
F.
,
Singhose
,
W.
,
Sorensen
,
K.
, and
Dobson
,
K.
, 2020
, “
Command-Shaping Control of Linear Resonant Actuators for Haptic Force Generation
,” IFAC-PapersOnLine
,
53
(2
), pp. 8675
–8682
.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240589632030584X5.
Girtan
,
N.-B.
, and
Olaru
,
R.
, 2017
, “
Electromagnetic Actuator With Ferromagnetic Disk and Magnetic Spring Suspension
,” International Conference on Electromechanical and Power Systems
,
IEEE, Iasi, Romania, Oct. 11–13
, pp. 397
–402
.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/81233546.
Poltschak
,
F.
, and
Ebetshuber
,
P.
, 2018
, “
Design of Integrated Magnetic Springs for Linear Oscillatory Actuators
,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.
,
54
(3
), pp. 2185
–2192
.10.1109/TIA.2018.2800681 7.
Hurley
,
W. G.
, and
Wolfle
,
W. H.
, 1997
, “
Electromagnetic Design of a Magnetic Suspension System
,” IEEE Trans. Educ.
,
40
(2
), pp. 124
–130
.10.1109/13.572325 8.
Grinberg
,
I.
,
Mangu
,
A.
,
Peterson
,
C. W.
,
Wilken-Resman
,
E.
,
T. Bernhard
,
J.
, and
Bahl
,
G.
, 2019
, “
Magnetostatic Spring Softening and Stiffening in Magneto-Mechanical Resonator Systems
,” IEEE Trans. Magn.
,
55
(8
), pp. 1
–5
.10.1109/TMAG.2019.29068649.
Lu
,
J.
, and
Lu
,
W.-Q.
, 2018
, “
Derivation for Electric Current Regulation Equation of a Gradient Magnetic Field to Control Suspending Magnetic Particles Inside Dialysate Solution
,” ASME J. Heat Mass Transfer-Trans. ASME
,
140
(1
), p. 012801
.10.1115/1.403733710.
Morgenthaler
,
F.
, 1978
, “
Bound Magnetostatic Waves Controlled by Field Gradients in Yig Single Crystals and Epitaxial Films
,” IEEE Trans. Magn.
,
14
(5
), pp. 806
–810
.10.1109/TMAG.1978.1059927 11.
Shen
,
C.
,
Rong
,
Z. J.
, and
Dunlop
,
M.
, 2012
, “
Determining the Full Magnetic Field Gradient From Two Spacecraft Measurements Under Special Constraints
,” J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys.
,
117
(A10
), pp. n/a–n/a.10.1029/2012JA018063 12.
Griffiths
,
D. J.
, 2013
, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 4th ed.,
Pearson
,
Boston, MA
.Copyright © 2023 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.