Fig. 1 ( a ) Micro-CT images at ten locations along the length of the diaphysis were used to quantify cortical thickness and density in the anterior and posterior quadrants (lower image). ( b ) For each femur, the diaphysis was separated into three regions: proximal, middle, and distal. ( c ) Two ... More

Fig. 2 Cortical thickness ( a ) and density ( b ) in the anterior (blue) and posterior (orange) anatomical quadrants along different regions of the diaphysis. Circles and squares indicate samples from SMS and xSMS conditions, respectively. Cortical thickness was uniform while density in the anteri... More

Fig. 3 Force-displacement curves ( a )–( c ), bending modulus ( d ), bending strength ( e ), and post-yield displacement ( f ) in the anterior (blue) and posterior (orange) anatomical quadrants along different regions of the diaphysis. Circles and squares indicate samples from SMS and xSMS conditi... More

Fig. 1 (Left panel) The full-length aorta is shown, with the nine consecutive segments between dashed lines. Fixed locations along the aorta, namely, the sinotubular junction and arch vessels, as well as the intercostal, renal, and iliac arteries, served as references for anatomical position. The ... More

Fig. 2 Cauchy stress–stretch data of all (( a )–( c )) intimal, (( d )–( f )) medial, and (( g )–( i )) adventitial strips excised and successfully tested from the (upper panel) ascending thoracic aorta, (middle) middle descending thoracic aorta, and (lower) middle abdominal aorta. The data of the... More

Fig. 3 ( a )–( c ) Failure stress and (d)–(f) peak elastic modulus of (upper panel) intimal, (middle) medial, and (lower) adventitial strips with circumferential (Circ) and longitudinal (Long) direction from the Ascen: ascending thoracic; (Beg, End) Arch: (beginning, end) of aortic arch; (Up, Mid,... More

Fig. 4 As Fig. 3 , but presenting stretch data More

Fig. 5 As Fig. 3 , but presenting rupture-angle data More

Fig. 1 Finite-element models of the ( a ) intact human lumbosacral spine (L1-sacrum) and ( b ) anterior LIF at L4–L5 level. (ALL, anterior longitudinal ligament, PLL, posterior longitudinal ligament; LF, flavum ligament; SSL, supraspinous ligament; ISL, interspinous ligament; ITL, intertransverse ... More

Fig. 2 Finite-element models of the LIF with ( a ) RIPF or ( b )bilateral PSF. (RIPF, rigid interspinous process fixation; PSF, pedicle screw fixation). More

Fig. 3 Segmental ROM of the intact and implanted models More

Fig. 4 Contour plots of the von Mises stress in L4 inferior endplate of the implanted models More