A detailed three-dimensional finite element model of the face is presented in this paper. Bones, muscles, skin, fat, and superficial muscoloaponeurotic system were reconstructed from magnetic resonance images and modeled according to anatomical, plastic, and reconstructive surgery literature. The finite element mesh, composed of hexahedron elements, was generated through a semi-automatic procedure with an effective compromise between the detailed representation of anatomical parts and the limitation of the computational time. Nonlinear constitutive equations are implemented in the finite element model. The corresponding model parameters were selected according to previous work with mechanical measurements on soft facial tissue, or based on reasonable assumptions. Model assumptions concerning tissue geometry, interactions, mechanical properties, and the boundary conditions were validated through comparison with experiments. The calculated response of facial tissues to gravity loads, to the application of a pressure inside the oral cavity and to the application of an imposed displacement was shown to be in good agreement with the data from corresponding magnetic resonance images and holographic measurements. As a first application, gravimetric soft tissue descent was calculated from the long time action of gravity on the face in the erect position, with tissue aging leading to a loss of stiffness. Aging predictions are compared with the observations from an “aging database” with frontal photos of volunteers at different age ranges (i.e., 20–40 years and 50–70 years).
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giuseppe.barbarino@imes.mavt.ethz.ch
edoardo.mazza@imes.mavt.ethz.ch
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April 2009
Research Papers
Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of the Face
G. G. Barbarino,
G. G. Barbarino
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
giuseppe.barbarino@imes.mavt.ethz.ch
IMES, ETH Zurich
, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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M. Jabareen,
M. Jabareen
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
IMES, ETH Zurich
, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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J. Trzewik,
J. Trzewik
Johnson & Johnson Medical GmbH
, Robert-Koch-Strasse 1, 22851 Norderstedt, Germany
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A. Nkengne,
A. Nkengne
Johnson & Johnson Consumer France SAS,
Skin Care Research Institute
, 92787 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
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G. Stamatas,
G. Stamatas
Johnson & Johnson Consumer France SAS,
Skin Care Research Institute
, 92787 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
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E. Mazza
E. Mazza
Department of Mechanical Engineering, IMES,
edoardo.mazza@imes.mavt.ethz.ch
ETH Zurich
, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; EMPA-Materials Science & Technology
, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
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G. G. Barbarino
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
IMES, ETH Zurich
, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerlandgiuseppe.barbarino@imes.mavt.ethz.ch
M. Jabareen
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
IMES, ETH Zurich
, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
J. Trzewik
Johnson & Johnson Medical GmbH
, Robert-Koch-Strasse 1, 22851 Norderstedt, Germany
A. Nkengne
Johnson & Johnson Consumer France SAS,
Skin Care Research Institute
, 92787 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
G. Stamatas
Johnson & Johnson Consumer France SAS,
Skin Care Research Institute
, 92787 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
E. Mazza
Department of Mechanical Engineering, IMES,
ETH Zurich
, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; EMPA-Materials Science & Technology
, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerlandedoardo.mazza@imes.mavt.ethz.ch
J Biomech Eng. Apr 2009, 131(4): 041006 (11 pages)
Published Online: February 2, 2009
Article history
Received:
February 27, 2008
Revised:
October 7, 2008
Published:
February 2, 2009
Citation
Barbarino, G. G., Jabareen, M., Trzewik, J., Nkengne, A., Stamatas, G., and Mazza, E. (February 2, 2009). "Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of the Face." ASME. J Biomech Eng. April 2009; 131(4): 041006. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3049857
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