3D Printing Realistic Endobronchial Models for Surgical Planning and Simulation

Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both men and women globally. More than one million lung cancer cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. The leading cause of cancer death is lung cancer in the United States and worldwide [1]. According to the American Cancer Society, there were an estimated 222,500 new cases of lung cancer and 155,870 deaths from lung cancer in the United States in 2017. Early detection and diagnosis, as well as accurate localization in lung intervention, are the keys to reducing the death rate from lung cancer [1].